An acid is
a compond that increases the concentration oh H+ ions that are present when added to water
Proton donor
A base is
a compound that inceases the concentration of OH- ions that are present when added to water
pronton acceptor
Stong acid & base
completely dissociated
weak acid & base
partially dissociated
Each acid has its own conjugated base and vice versa
:)
Stonger acid gives weaker or stronger conjugated base?
weaker
and vice versa
A neutralization is a chemical reaction in which
an acid and a base react quantitatively with each other
acid + base ->
salt + water
in a reaction in water, neutralization results in there being no excess of hydrogen or hydroxide ions present in the solution
hydrolysis = the chemical reaction of
salt ions and water; the equilibrium reaction
water is an
ampholyte and behaves as a weak base or a weak acid
Titration
practical performing of reaction: acid (base) with base (acid) or neutralization
at the end point of titration happend what?
the exact amount of acid (base) to turn all base (acid) into salt, is added
titration of strong acid + strong base
pH changes reapidly in titration end point pH=7 #
formed salt doesnt hydrolyze
titration of weak acid (base) with strong base (acid)
the pH doesnt change rapidly
two equilibriums must be maintained
titration of weak acid and weak base
verly slow change in pH
tree equilibriums must be maintaned
Buffers
the solution consisting of a weak acid and its salt or a weak base and its salt
buffer cause
minimal change in pH with the addition of a strong base or strong acid
Maximal buffering occures at a
pH equal to the pKa
but ita effective within approximately _+1 pH unit of the pKa
application of the henderson-hasselbach equation
in the biarbonate buffer system it predicts how shifts in the bicarbonate ion concentration and CO2 influence the pH
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