IEDD

·         Federal states are in charge

·         Exceptions:

-Bundespolizei

-BKA

·         Central Agency of German Police

·         International Co-Operation

·         Criminal investigation and prosecution

·         Prevention of dangers from constitutional bodies

·         Witness protection

·         GTAZ (Joint Counter-Terrorism Centre)

·         GETZ (Joint Centre for Countering Extremism and Terrorism)

·         Cyber-AZ (National Cyber Defence Centre)

·         ATD (Anti-Terror Database)

·         RED (Right-Wing Extremism Database)

·         GIZ (Joint Internet Centre)

·         KIAR (Co-ordinated Internet Analysis)

·         ICPO-Interpol

·         EUROPOL

·         SELEC

·         Joint Border Centres

·         G 7-co-operation

·         Task Force on Organized Crime in the Baltic Sea Region

·         Frontex

·         Schengen Agreement

·         Prüm co-operation

·         German penalty law (§163 StPO + § 308 StGB)

·         German law on Explosive Substances (Sprengstoffgesetz)

·         laws for the Federal (criminal) police (BKAG/BPol G)  Relevant ‎national + international police cooperation

·         Police laws of the states (prevention dangers for the public)

·         Law on control of weapons of war (KWKG)

·         police training regulations - PDV 403 (explosion) - PDV 403 Anl. 8 a – (IEDD) –

·         cooperation of Ministries of Interiors (state police) in Germany AK ‎II) – Internal regulation

·         closed user groups (CUG) in Extrapol (Intranet for police)‎

·         Active Systems: once activated, it ignites the IED without further action from outside (timed devices)

·         Semi-active systems: ignition takes place due to outside influences or actions (light sensitive switches, barometric switches, command wire)

·         Passive systems: victim operated switches, the perpetrator tries to foresee actions of the victim to use it for ignition of devices (anti lift switch, pressure switch, collapsing circuits)

·         The Munroe / Neumann effect is the focusing of blast energy by a hollow or void cut on the surface of an explosive (shaped charges).

·         A blast wave is an area of pressure expanding supersonically outwards from an explosive core. It hat a leading shock front of expanding gases.

·         Or: It is a leaf shock wave followed by a self-similar subsonic flow field

·         Fragmentation

·         Heat

·         Overpressure

·         Impact

·         No-1: overall responsibility, interview of witnesses, final RSP-plan, manual approach if necessary

·         No-2: assistance for No 1 at all times, preparation of tools, operator of the robot, test and function of equipment

·         the destruction of the ignition system is slower than the reaction time of the circuit

·         the explosive itself is too sensitive, the energy delivered by the disruptive tool ignites the explosive material

·         Water is the ideal medium to transfer energy (not compressable)

·         Water distributes after a short way (disrupts all inner contents of a suspicious object)

·         Water reduces the likelihood of high order explosions by pre wetting the explosive material

·         Water is a light medium; this reduces the energy delivered to the explosive

·         Water disrupter

·         Mineral water bottle disrupter

·         Fluid breaker

·         Linear focused charge

·         Salt charges

·         “Röntgenverordnung” (= German regulation for the use of x-ray-systems) – no exception for law enforcement services

·         Allowed only for medical purposes

·         Allowed only for especially licensed medical personnel

·         Allowed only with equipment that has been tested and approved for the use on human beings

·         Inspection(optical, x-ray)

·         Fixing of the object(tape)

·         Opening / cutting / entering the object (use the right tools)

·         Separation (det – circuit, det – explosive, explosive- container)

·         “Soak time” is a waiting time for an IEDD operator before approaching an explosive device / suspicious object

·         Primary Soaking time: waiting time before initial action. It is at least one hour after closing down the place in which the suspicious object is found. It’s purpose is to avoid an approach at likely time for an explosion.

·         Secondary soaking time: a waiting time after an IEDD-action at the suspicious object. This time is varying and depending on the situation. It is taken because the IEDD action might have set something off in the device. The purpose of the secondary soak time is therefore to avoid being close to an explosion caused by IEDD action itself.

·         Presentation to a court in a trial

·         Preventive / security reasons for follow up operations

·         Match witness statements / perpetrator statements with the traces / evidence of the scene

·         Further police actions

ADR (= Accord Européen relative au transport International des merchandises dangereuses par route)

·         An emergency transportation is only allowed to the next safe storage. A safe storage means that the substance must be protected against unauthorized contact of the third persons. The safe storage must be named before the start of the transportation.

·         Risk of secondary / unexploded devices or parts

·         Structural hazards (buildings, gas pipes, electric currency lines)

·         Facility hazards (poisonous material, dangerous good)

·         Hazards from outside (gunfire, attack against crime scene personnel)

·         The guideline is: if you can see the object, you are too close.

·         Seize of the object

·         Material of the object (Container/Explosive)

·         Placement of the object (secondary dangers – breaking glas, fuel, other angerous good)

·         Military explosives (safe to handle, no container necessary)

·         Commercial explosives (safe to handle, no container necessary)

·         Home-made explosives (very hazardous – very little energy necessary to ignite them, normally container needed)

·         The Federal Institute for Material Research and Material Testing (BAM = Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung)

·         Steel tube test (to examine the temperature sensitivity) – Stahlhülsentest

·         Falling weight test (to examine the impact sensitivity) Fallhammertest

·         Rubbing sensitivity test – Reibeempfindlichkeitstest

High risk areas:

·         Limited personnel

·         Limited timeframe to finish work

·         Limited equipment

·         Safety (on scene, but also while travelling)

·         Co-operation with other authorities

·         The military police (Feldjäger) according to an agreement on ministerial level.

·         A progressive propellant accelerates it’s burning velocity after ignition.

·         The working capacity of an explosive substance is a product of it’s detonation velocity density and specific energy. It is tested and determined by the lead block test, and it describes the capacity of shattering.