FMCW
What are the main frequencies for radar sensors?
What are the benefits of higher frequencies?
How is “light” converted into electrical signals in a camera?
Name two common types of radial distortion
Which techniques can overcome
Great brightness differences
Flickering effects
Wave lengths of
Radar
Microwave
Infrared
LiDAR (Infrared)
Visible Light
Ultraviolet
X-Ray
Gamma-Ray
time of flight method
Three methods to acchieve angular resolution with LiDAR Sensors
Reflect laser beam with mirror
Rotate whole sensor
Use optical phased arrays to bend the beam
Solid State Lidars
Beam steering realized using a liquid crystal metasurface by adjusting voltage inside —> lower cost and higher robustness of the sensor
RaDAR vs. LiDAR
Accuracy
Weather conditions
Speed detection
Cost
Global Navigation Satellite Systems
Frequency L1 and L2
Reasons for errors
Methods to enhance accuracy
L1 (1575,42 MHz)
L2 (1227,60 MHz)
inaccurate clocks, signal attenuation, delays, multipath, reflections and availability of satellites
Dual frequency receivers
Use of both frequencies to calculate errors
Use of correction data
Use of ground base stations equipped with high quality clocks, that send correction data to the GNSS receiver.
Dead Reckoning
Estimation of location based on velocity/acceleration and direction (laws of motion)
Inaccuracy of vehicle state sensors and drift due to accumulation of errors
Map Matching
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