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Buffl

Rechtsenglisch

von Jeff T.

Maxims of Equity

Equity acts in personam
He who comes in to Equity must come with clean hands
Equity will not allow a statute to be used as cloak for fraud
When equities are equal the law will prevail
Equity does not punish

UK Constitution

not one written document, but a set of rules called “conventions” and “Royal Prerogatives” along with variety of historical documents

dates

1789 US Constitution entered into force (drafted in 1787)
1689 Bill of Rights in Egland which contains rights of Parliament against monarch
1791 US Bill of Rigths

constitutional conventions

ungeschriebenes Verfassungsgewohnheitsrecht (UK)

impeachment

Amtsenthebungsverfahren

rules on the operation of government

StaatsorgaR

rule of law

in etwa: Rechtsstaatsgrundsatz

to assert

geltend machen

to vest and to grant

vest -> Befugnisse verleihen (vested = wohlerworben (Recht))
grant -> Befuhnisse übertragen

expedient

sinnvoll, zweckdienlich

X v Z; X v. Z

in England v stands alone and is “and”
in US v. stand with dot and is “versus”

landmark decisisons establishing judicial review

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

Entick v Carrington (1765)

legislative process

reading, passage and adoption

Sources of Britihs Constitutional Law

Magna Charta (1215)
Petition of Rights (1628)
Bill o Rights (1689)
Act of Union (1707)
Royal Prerogatives
European Convention on Human Rights (HR Act 1998)
unwritten customary law
case laf of House of Lords and since 2009 UK Supreme Court

clauses US Consitution

Article I: War Powers, Commerce, Impeachment, Necessary & Proper
Art II: State of the Union
Art VI: Supremacy
Amend. 10: vertical seperation of powers

civil liberties

can be found in a broader sense as a synonym for fundemental rights, but it sometimes only refers to fundamental rights in a socio-political context, such as right to vote or right to unionize

civil rights

used in US
focuses on the right to be protected against unequal treatment and to a large degree goes bacl to Civl Rights Movement of the 60s

freedom of establishment, of association

est.: Niederlassungsfreiheit
assc: Vereinigungsfreiheit

indictment and presentment

indic.: Anklageschrift
present.: Antrag Grand Jury auf Anklageerhebung

to levy

erheben (Steuern, Abgaben)

to pass upon

urteilen über

to abridge

einschränken

to emancipate

rechtlich gleichstellen

inalienable

unveräußerlich

major decisions

Brown v. Board of Education (1954) -> segregation in school (abolsihing seperate but equal established in 1896 in Plessy v. Ferguson)
Miranda v. Arizona (1966) -> Miranda Rights (5th Amendment)
Lawrence v. Texas (2003) -> decriminalization of homosexuality
Engel v. Vitale (1962) -> voluntary school prayers violate 1st Amendment

habeas corpus

a writ requiring a person under arrest to be brought before a judge or into court, especially to secure the person's release unless lawful grounds are shown for their detention.

Rights and principles in Us Consitution