Treatment group
The group in a study that received the special instruction
ependent variable
The resultant variable in an experimental study.
Observational Study
The researcher merely observes what is happening or what has happened in the past and tries to draw conclusions based on these observations.
Independent Variable
The variable being manipulated by the researcher in an experimental study.
Confounding Variable
A variable that influences the dependent variable but was not separated from the independent variable.
Cluster Sampling
A sample obtained by selecting a preexisting group and using the members in the group for the sample
Systematic Sampling
A sample obtained by numbering each element in the population and then selected every kth number from the population to be included in the sample
Random Sampling
A sample obtained by using chance methods. Every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.
Experimental Study
The researcher manipulates one of the variables and tries to determine how the manipulation influences other variables.
Control Group
The group that had no special instruction.
Stratified Sampling
A sample obtained by dividing the population into subgroups, and then randomly selecting members from each subgroup.
Convenience Sampling
A sample of subjects used because they are available.
Biased Sample
A sample for which some type of systematic error has been made in the selection of subjects for the sample.
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