What is natural gas? Why can it be a good substitute for crude oil for high-densityapplication?
Natural gas is colourless highly flammable hydrocarbon gas consisting primarily ofmethane and higher alkanes and nonhydrocarbons. Occurring naturally underground(often in association with petroleum) and used as fuel.
It can be a possible substitute for crude oil because of its
• Availability
• Practicality in transport
• Contains fewer pollutants
What is a typical composition of wet natural gas?
Name at least three different types of NG wells?
1. Associated (wet gas)
2. Non-associated (wet or dry)
3. Shale gas
4. Tight gas
5. Hydrate gas
What are the main benefits of using natural gas as an energy source?
1. Less carbon dioxide (CO2)
2. negligible amounts of sulfur, mercury, nitrogen oxides and particulates
3. Cheaper
4. Widely available
5. High heating value
Hydraulic fracturing (fracking) is the method commonly used to make what type ofrock more porous, thus allowing natural gas to flow to the wellbore easily?
Shale rock
What country currently holds the world’s largest natural gas reserves?
Russia
An assembly of pipes and valves sits on top of a producing gas well to control the flowof gas is known as:
A Christmas tree
The process of using pressurised liquids to help extract oil and gas from undergroundrock strata is commonly known as:
Cracking or hydraulic fracturing
At what temperature in degrees or Fahrenheit is liquefied natural gas (LNG)transported?
-260° F (-162.2° C) – LNG takes up about 1/600th the volume of natural gas in thegaseous state.
What is wet gas?
It is an associated gas contains C2+ constituents higher than 15 vol%
What is dry gas?
It is an unassociated gas that consists of methane as the principal constituent withlittle or no C2+ component
A gas contains unacceptable quantities of H2S it is called?
Sour gas
What is the typical composition of Liquefied natural gas (LNG)? Also, how is liquefied?
Predominantly methane, CH4, with some ethane C2H6
By reducing its temperature
What is a typical composition of natural gas condensate?
pentanes and heavier, C5+
Why is natural gas compressed?
For practical transport and usage
What are the primary sources of Liquefied petroleum gas?
Stripping of natural gas Cracking of crude oil
Which gases refereed as LPG gas?
Propane and butane
What will happen when LPG gases released or leaked out of their storage facilities?
Propane and butane are denser than air when released to the atmospheric pressurethey accumulate on the ground? (safety)
What is the primary feedstock for syngases? What is the main composition of syngas?
Renewable biomass and Fossil fuel
H2 and CO
Write down the Stoichiometric methane-air mixture combustion equation?
What is the main component of biogas? What is anaerobic digestion and explain itstypical stages of anaerobic digestion process? Why biogas considered to be arenewable energy source?
(methane, CO2)
Biogas is produced by breaking down the organic materials (plant and animalproducts) by bacteria in an oxygen-free environment in anaerobic conditions(fermentation). The process of decomposition creates (methane, CO2)
Anaerobic digestion is the process by which organic matter such as animal or foodwaste is broken down to produce biogas and biofertilizer in four main steps.
Hydrolysis:
A chemical reaction where large organic compounds are converted into simplermonomers.
Acidogenesis:
A biological reaction where simple monomers are converted into volatile fatty acids.
Acetogenesis:A biological reaction where volatile fatty acids are converted into acetic acid, carbondioxide, and hydrogen
Methanogenesis:
A biological reaction where acetates are converted into methane and carbon dioxide,while hydrogen is consumed
Biogas is a renewable resource because its production-and use cycle is continuous,and it generates no net carbon dioxide
Describe a typical gasification process and its five processes briefly?
1. Drying: using the heat from combustion to dry biomass and remove water.
2. Pyrolysis: the dried biomass is heated without air to be converted to charcoal andtar gas
3.Combustion: the charcoal and tar gas air heated with air to produce H2O and CO2
4. Reduction: H2O and CO2 are converted to H2 and CO
What is an isomer of a molecule?
An isomer of a molecule has the same number of atoms of each element but has adifferent arrangement of the atoms
What is the effect of the number of carbon atoms on the alkane boiling point?
The higher number of carbons the higher boiling points
Why natural gas always measured as a function of pressure and temperature?
Natural gas is compressible gas, its DENSITY and PHASE varies significantly with changes in temperature and pressure. 0
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