Who was the first person who used the word “cell”
Robert Hooke
Who was the first microbiologist that observed living cells under a microscope he designed
Antonio Van Leeuwenhoek
What are the three statements in the cell theory
All living things consist of one or more cells
Cells are the basic unit of life
Cells arise from pre existing cells
What is the light microscope used for
Studies the simple features of a cell, using a beam of light focused by a glass lens
What is an electron microscope used for
Used to see the smaller structures inside the cell
Explain everything that has to do with cell walls
They are found only in plant cells
Strong non living layer around the outside of the cell membrane
Protects the living contents of the cell and gives the cell shape and support
Openings called PLASMODESMATA
Permeable to mineral salts and water
What is the location of the cell membrane
Surrounds and protects the cytoplasm
Draw a diagram showing a cell membrane and explain what it is made up of
The cell membrane is composed of a bilayer of lipids called phospholipids and proteins embedded in the layer of phospholipids
What is the functions of the cell membrane
Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell as it is selectively permeable
Which model describes the structure and function of a cell membrane
The Fluid Mosaic Model
What are the functions of the nucleus
It is the control centre of the cell. Controls metabolic reactions of the cell
Ensures DNA replication takes place during the cell cycle
The site where ribosomes are made and controls protein synthesis
Draw a labelled diagram showing the nucleus of a cell
Found near the centre of animal cells
Found on the side in plant cells
What is the cytoplasm and it's functions
A jelly like substance ( cytosol) that fills the inside of the cell
Holds the organelles together
Nourishes the cell
Exerts turgor pressure on the cell membrane to help the cell keep it's shape
What is the two compartments of the Mitochondria
Matrix
Intermembrane space (cristae)
Functions of the Mitochondria
Site of aerobic cellular respiration which produces energy (ATP) to the cell
Where are Mitochondria found and why?
They are found in muscles and sperm cells because they require more energy because of their frequent contraction and relaxation. They need to release large amounts of energy for movement.
Draw a simple diagram showing a Mitochondria organelle
They sometimes have ribosome granules in the matrix
What are Ribosomes main function and where are they found?
Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis
Found attached to the Endoplasmic reticulum, Plastids or Mitochondria
Draw a diagram showing a Ribosome
Explain the structure of the Endoplasmic Reticulum
It consists of a double membrane.
Attached to the nucleus in the cytoplasm
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
> Ribosomes are attached to it
> Manufactures proteins
>Folds that increase the surface area so more ribosomes attach
Smooth ER
>No ribosomes are attached
>Makes, stores and transports lipids and proteins.
Illustrate a diagram of an Endoplasmic Reticulum
What is the Golgi Body and where is it found
Where is the Golgi Body found and what does it consist of
Draw and label a diagram showing a Golgi Body
What are vessicles and where are they made
These are small round fluid filled sacs that are made in the Golgi Body
They control the amount of water in the cell
Draw an image of a vessicle
What are lysomes and their functions
Tiny sacs formed from vesicles contains enzymes that
Digest food
Destroy foreign material
Break down dead cells
An image of Lysomes
Where are vacuoles found?
They are found in the cytoplasm of plant cells and is very small or absent in animal cells.
Name TWO unctions of a vacuole in plants
Stores Sugar, minerals and pigments in water
Maintain the shape of the cell by exerting turgor pressure when filled
What is the membrane around the vacuole
Tonoplast
High degree of selectivity
Name the three Plastids
1) Chloroplast
3) Chromoplasts
4) Leucoplasts
Functions of chloroplast
Contain green pigment for photosynthesis
Diagram of a Chloroplast
What is the function of a Chromoplast
Contain red, orange and yellow pigment to attract birds for pollination
Chloroplasts change into Chromoplasts when fruit ripens
Functions of Leucoplasts
Colourless and found in roots and tubers
Stores food in the form of starch
Prokaryotes
Does NOT. have a true nucleus
DNA is NOT enclosed in a nuclear membrane
Does NOT have membrane bound organelles
Eukaryotes
HAS a true nucleus
DNA IS enclosed in a nuclear membrane
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