If Norway is going to be able to shift the transport sector to zero emission, what factors play a role? Explain briefly the various factors
• Total cost of ownership (decrease)
• Emissions
• Efficiency
• Weight and space requirements for fuel tank/battery
• Temperature depency
• Filling time
• Infrastructure/filling stations
• Maintenance costs
• Taxes/Exemptions
Make a brief overview of the most important parts of a fuel cell car, and how it works
How do you think the market for hydrogen passenger cars will develop in Norway,and why?
• Hydrogen cars will be competitiveon the total cost of ownership by2025
• competition to electic cars
• but bad infrastructure
What filling pressures are used for passenger cars, buses and heavy duty transport?
Passenger cars: filled at 700 bar
Busses, trailers: filled at 350 bar
ships 200 bar
Can you use hydrogen and fuel cells in aircrafts? Has the technology come a long way here?
Several prototypes of hydrogen-poweredaircrafts have been tested for the past 10 years
Explain how a hydrogen fuel cell system on board a ship may look like. What components are needed, explain how it works. What are the challenges of having liquid hydrogen as a fuel?
Storage Tanks, either lower temperature or higher pressure ( liquid or compressed)
Need to take the gas at right temperature & pressure into fuel cell
Evapurating System for liquid ( you have to increase the temperature and evapurate it)
battery system
fuel cell room, where fuel cells are stored
ventilation mast with double walls (danger if liquid)
Control system
What are some of the challenges and advantages of using ammonia on ships? Can you describe the guiding principles for design of ammonia fueled ships?
What does the “alternative design process” mean? Give examples of such processes that you know about.
Ship owner need to demonstrate that the design is safe and as safe as aconventional fuel system
Examples: ICE with ammonia in stord
Ammonia in SOFC on the Eidesvik ship
If you're going to consider batteries or hydrogen as fuel on ships, what factors play arole?
efficency
weight/ volume (54 tons of battery will corresponde to the same energy content as 370kg hydrogen)
distance
filling time
Graviametric (33,33 LH2 & CH2) and voliometric (2343 kWh/m3 LH2 & 594 CH2) density of hydrogen is much higher
How can the use of hydrogen for industrial purposes reduce greenhouse gas emissions? Give examples
o Cement production- for heating. Going for CCS-Longship insteado Aluminium production- replace LPG withhydrogen as fuel. Depent on the price ofhydrogen from electrolysis.
o Smelters- carbon is used to remove oxygenfrom the raw material. Replace carbon (coal)with hydrogen.
o Tizir (in Tyssedal) is considering switching tohydrogen: 8,000 tonnes/year will reduceCO2 emissions by 90 %
o Hydro: aim to reduce emissions by 30 % by2030. Replace natural gas for heating inaluminum plants (foundries and anodeproduction) with hydrogen
main principles of bunkering procedure
• Pre-cooling prior to bunkering for fast and efficient
bunkering operations
• Quick-connect coupling with break-away function, allowing
connection at cryogenic conditions
• No H2 release during bunkering
• Keeps warm-low-pressure hydrogen in pipes between two
bunkering operations, to avoid purging and releases.
• Moveable tower, moves from quayside to storage area
• Loading arm used to connect the onshore bunkering
system to the ship’s LH2 fueling system
Zuletzt geändertvor einem Jahr
