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Buffl
Steelmaking and foundry technologies

Reduction

Nv
von Niklas V.

What are the main methods for the reduction of iron oxides?

Thermal decomposition, reduction with an agent, and electrolytic reduction.

How is the relation between molar weight, mass and number of moles?

n=m/MW

How is the chemical equilibrium constant calculated?


What is the cahin of reaction for the reducing of magnetite?

Fe2O3->Fe3O4->FeO->Fe

Describe the change in molefraction of CO for the Buduard reaction over temperature.


At what temperature does reduction with CO become effective?

Above 570°C

What is the chemical equation for the reduction of Fe2O3 with CO?

Fe2O3 + CO → 3FeO + CO2

What is the Boudouard reaction?

The reaction 2CO ↔ C + CO2.

How is Gibbs free energy (ΔGo) related to the equilibrium constant (K)?

ΔGo = −RT ⋅ ln K

What role does temperature play in the reduction of Fe oxides?

It influences the equilibrium and rate of the reduction reactions.

What is direct reduction of iron oxides?

A process where iron oxides are reduced directly to metallic iron at temperatures below the melting point.

What is the primary reducing agent in a MIDREX plant?

Natural gas

What is the function of a reformer in direct reduction?

To generate synthesis gas (syngas) from natural gas, used as a reducing agent.

How does porosity affect the reducibility of iron oxides?

Higher porosity generally enhances reducibility.

What is the significance of the water-gas shift reaction in reduction?

It adjusts the H2/CO ratio in the reducing gas mixture. Since water reacts with CO to form CO2 and hydrogen.

Describe the basic schematic of a Midrex reactor.


What are the types of DRI and their storing properties?

  • Cold DRI

    • needs to be kept cool and dry

  • Briquettes

    • no special measures needed

  • Hot DRI

    • not storeable


Why is sponge iron called so?

Because of its porous and sponge-like texture after reduction.

What is cathalytic reforming in the context of iron reduction?

A process to convert natural gas into a more reactive mixture of hydrogen and carbon monoxide.

How does the reducibility of Fe oxides affect the reduction process?

Higher reducibility leads to faster and more efficient reduction.

What is the role of thermogravimetry in studying reducibility?

To measure the rate and extent of reduction under controlled conditions.

What is the main use of Direct Reduced Iron (DRI)?

As a feed or charge material for (among others) electric arc and blast furnaces in steelmaking.

How is natural gas used in the reduction of iron oxides?

As a source of hydrogen and carbon monoxide for reduction.

What is the significance of Gibbs standard free energies in reduction?

They help predict the feasibility and direction of reduction reactions.

How does the temperature influence the equilibrium in iron oxide reduction?

Higher temperatures generally shift the equilibrium towards the formation of metallic iron.

What is the significance of the Boudouard reaction in ironmaking?

It influences the CO/CO2 ratio in the reducing environment, affecting the reduction efficiency.

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Author

Niklas V.

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