Nucleophile is _____ controlled
Basicity is _____ controlled.
kinetically
thermodynamically/equilibrium
What is Hunsdieker reaction used for?
What is the mechanism used?
Converting silver salt of carboxylic acid to alkyl halide.
Free radical mechansim
What is Simonini Smith reaction good for and bad for? What is the halide being formed?
Bad for alkyl halides, good for esters
Iodidies
Why is CCl3+ stable?
Back bondiny
Best way to form fluoroform
Chloroform to Fluoroform (Swarts Reaction)
Phosphorus has high affinity for oxygen
What is the mechanism of forming halides with SOCl2 in the presence and absence of pyridine?
Sn2 (inversion)
Sni (retention)
Best method to form alkyl halides
SOCl2
IUPAC of Ethylene bromohydrin
2-bromoethanol
What are mono, di and tri halogen subsituted toluenes called?
Benzyl halides
Banzal halides
Benzotrihalides
What is reflux?
Give an example.
In chemistry, reflux is a reaction condition that involves heating a chemical reaction for a specific amount of time while continuously cooling the vapor produced back into liquid form using a condenser.
Example: bromination of toluene
Finkelstein’s reaction is used for preparing
Alkyl Iodides
Swarts Reaction is used for preparing
Fluorides
Best solvent for Sn2 reactions
Polar aprotic solvent (In presence of Nu)
Mention some catalysts for Sn1 reactions
Ag+
AlCl3
ZnCl2
What is Williamsynthesis used for?
Formation of ethers
What is the difference between added KOH to an alkyl bromide
with heating (alcoholic)
without heating (aqueous)
dehydrohalogenation
nucleophilic substitution
What is solvolysis?
Solvolysis is a chemical reaction that occurs when a solvent and solute interact. It is a type of nucleophilic substitution or elimination where the nucleophile is a solvent molecule.
Reduction of alkyl halide with nascent hydrogen leads to the formation of
Parent alkane
Reaction of alkyl halide with AgNO2 forms
R-NO2
nitroalkane
Reaction of alkyl halide with KNO2 forms
R-O-NO
alkyl nitrite
Why should chloroform be stored in closed dark brown bottles?
To prevent the formation of phosgene (COCl2)
DDT
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
Isopropyl chloride undergoes hydrolysis by
SN1 and SN2 mechanisms
What is phenetole?
Ethoxybenzene
What is alkyl thiol? What is its other name?
Mercaptan
How is Sodium hydrogensulphite useful for separation and purification of aldehydes?
Sodium hydrogensulphite can be used to separate and purify aldehydes because the addition compound it forms with aldehydes is water soluble and can be converted back to the original aldehyde with dilute acid or alkali. To purify an impure aldehyde, you can shake it with a saturated solution of sodium hydrogensulphite to create crystals. These crystals can then be filtered and washed to remove impurities, and then treated with dilute acid to regenerate the aldehyde.
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