Błąd, vłędny, nieodpowiedni
Wrong
something that causes harm or damage to another person
Krzywda
Harm
Szkoda
Damage
Odpowiedzialność odszkodowawcza
Liable to compensate
Postępowanie
Conduct
more formal word that means behaviour
Zamiar wyrządzenia szkody
Intention to cause harm
Zasada prawna
A principle of law
an established idea that is used as the basis for a particular area of law
Poślizgnąć się
To slip
to fall because of stepping in something that is wet or icy
The main idea of the law of tort is not to punish people who do something wrong but to … people who suffer because of someone else’s conduct
Compensation
I am … for the harm that I cause to other people, which means that I have legal responsibility for causing that harm
Liable
In situations when I deliberately harm another person, I have … to harm that person
Intention
In situations when I harm another person because I was not careful enough, the law says that the person can make i claim against me based upon my …
Negligence
The word … means the same as the word 'harm'. The word 'damages', however, is not the plural of this word. Damages means financial compensation for harm or damage suffered
Conduct that causes harm to another person
Tort
The different categories of that exist in English law
Heads of tort
To sue someone on the grounds that I have suffered harm
Bring an action in tort
Something that compensates me for my loss or that stops the harm from happening again
Remedy
Damages
Usual remedy for a tort
Tortfeasor
Name that the lawyers give to the person who commits a tort
Interfere … something or someone
With
Bring an action …
Against
Fit … one of the heads
Into
What does the verb to 'trespass' mean?
The trepass means to interfere with something or someone
What are the two types of trespass?
The two types of trespass are trespass to land and trespass to the person
Does the law of tort always stay exactly the same?
No, the law of tort deos not always stay the same
What two categories do lawyers usually divide the heads of tort into?
Lawyers usually divide the heads of tort into torts that causes harm to people and torts that causes harm to land
Delikt napaści
Tort of assault
to make someone afraid that I will physically hurt them
Delikt pobicia
Tort of battery
to actually hurt someone in a physical way
Zniesławienie
Defamation
when someone makes a negative statement about another person which harms that person’s reputation
Delikt zniesławienia
Tort of libel
publishing the statement in a permanent form
Delikt fałszywego uwięzienia
Tort of false imprisonment
to keep someone in a certain place without that person’s permission
Delikt pomówienia
Tort of slander
refers to a statement in a form that is not permanent
Zaniedbanie
occurs when you cause harm to another person because you were not careful enough
Obowiązek zachowania ostrożności
Duty of care
situations where you can anticipate that your conduct is likely to cause harm to another person then have a duty to be care
Naruszenie osoby
Trespass to the person
to harm someone in a physical way
Julia runs a café in the town centre. Last week one of Julia's customers burnt his hand when he touched a very hot plate. Julia did not warn the customer that the plate was hot. He claims that Julia was not careful enough and that he will sue Julia on the grounds of …
Julia's solicitor explained to her that as the owner of a café she has a … to all of her customers. This means that she has a duty to make sure that her customers do not suffer any harm in her café
Mary was shopping in a large department store last week. A shop assistant says that she saw Mary take a necklace from the shop without paying. The manager of the shop kept Mary in an office for 45 minutes until the police arrived. The manager did not allow Mary to leave. The police discovered that Mary paid for the necklace. Mary sued the store on the grounds of …
False imprisonment
Gary was playing football on Saturday. Gary shouted at his friend named Bill on the other football team. He shouted, 'I am going to kill you!' This is not the tort of … as Bill did not eally believe that Gary intended to cause him physical harm in this situation
Assault
Last year Paul was successful when he sued the police on the grounds of … Paul was taking part in a political demonstration when a policeman kicked him and pushed him for no reason
Battery
The head of tort that includes false imprisonment, assault and battery is …
The head of tort that includes libel and slander is …
David Boyle was at a party last night. David could not find his wallet, which contained £200. David accused George Lee of stealing his wallet. David said that George was 'a typical thief', and everyone at the party heard this. David later found his wallet, which he had left at home. George might sue David on the grounds of …
Slander
The actress Crystal Benn is suing a major newspaper on the grounds of … The newspaper published a story that said Crystal takes illegal drugs and the story was not true
Libel
Obiekty
Objects
Powodowie
Claimants
Zaangażowany
Committed
Cieszyć się
Enjoy
Zezwolenie
Permission
Fabryka, zakład
Factory
Podstawa
Grounds
Chodzenie
Walking
Akty, działania
Acts
Przeoczenia
Omissions
Pominąć
Omit
Przewidywalny
Foreseeable
Cel
Objective
Subiektywne
Subjective
Not to do that particular thing
To omit to do something
Predictable. Something that I anticipate might happen as a result of my conduct
Reasonably foreseeable
Things that I actively do
Influenced by your own, personal feelings and opinions when you have to decide something
Not being careful enough. It is similar in meaning to 'carelessness'
The duty not to harm other people. However, this duty is limited depending upon the situation in which the harm is caused
The duty of care
Not influenced by your own feelings when you have to decide something
Things that I do not do
In the UK the majority of cases are based … the tort of negligence
Upon/on
I am bringing a claim against my doctor … negligence
For
An omission is a failure to do what a reasonable person would do … the same circumstances
Under
I am only liable for breaching my duty of care to people … certain situations
In
The test to decide if something is reasonably foreseeable or not is an objective test, which means it does not matter what the defendant was thinking … the time when he or she caused the harm
At
Something that is designed to make people not do a particular thing or not behave in a particular way
Deterrent
środek odstraszający
Careless behaviour that is likely to cause harm to another person
Negligent conduct
niedbałe postępowanie
Means the same as compensation
Redress
zadośćuczynienie, odszkodowanie
Damage that the defendant could not reasonably foresee
Remote damage
zdalne uszkodzenie
Evidence that the claimant actually suffered real harm, such as physical harm or loss of money
Proof of damage
dowód uszkodzenia
The claimant can make a claim for the thing that happened without any evidence of actual harm
Something is actionable per se
możliwość podjęcia działania per se
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