What are targeted deployment areas of IEEE 802.15.4?
low-cost, low-data-rate wireless access technology, operated or work on batteries, low-rate wireless personal area networks (LR-WPANs) function
What OSI layers are defined by IEEE 802.15.4?
Physical and MAC layer
What are the original implemented frequencies of IEEE 802.15.4?
868 MHz, 915 MHz and the 2.4GHz
Does IEEE 802.15.4 work in licensed/unlicensed frequency bands?
unlicensed
Which frequency can be used worldwide by IEEE 802.15.4 ?
2,4 GHz
What is the maximum MAC frame size in the original specification of IEEE 802.15.4?
0-127 bytes
How can an IPv6 packet be carried (min. MTU 1280bytes) by IEEE 802.15.4?
fragmentation
What are FFDs and RFDs? Which of these two can act as PAN coordinator?
FFD: fully functional devices, Capable of serving as personal area network (PAN) coordinator
RFD: Reduced-function device, Extremely simple applications, Minimal resources and memory
Explain the three supported network topologies by IEEE 802.15.4
star, peer-to-peer
What is ZigBee?
Zigbee is an IEEE 802.15.4-based specification for a suite of high-level communication protocols used to create personal area networks with small, low-power digital radios, such as for home automation, medical device data collection, and other low-power low-bandwidth needs, designed for small scale projects which need wireless connection. Hence, Zigbee is a low-power, low-data-rate, and close proximity (i.e., personal area) wireless ad hoc network.
What are the areas of application for Zigbee?
Home automation[14][15]
Wireless sensor networks
Industrial control systems
Embedded sensing[16]
Medical data collection
Smoke and intruder warning
Building automation
Remote wireless microphone configuration
Describe the ZigBee Protocol Stack.
What standard is ZigBee based on?
IEEE 802.15.4
What layers are specified by ZigBee?
Network and Application layer
What frequencies are used by ZigBee? Which of them in Europe, which worldwide?
2.4 to 2.4835 [25]GHz (worldwide), 902 to 928 MHz (Americas and Australia) and 868 to 868.6 MHz (Europe)
What are the differences to ZigBee IP?
ZigBee IP uses IP addrssees
What is WirelessHART?
The HART Communication Protocol (Highway Addressable Remote Transducer) is a hybrid analog+digital industrial
automation open protocol.
What are the areas of application for WirelessHART?
small automation applications up to highly sophisticated
industrial applications
What does the WirelessHART system architecture look like?
How to connect WirelessHART devices to an IP network?
gateway
What are the changes between IEEE 802.15.4g and original IEEE 802.15.4?
payload increased to 2047 bytes
improved error dedection
Why is IEEE 802.15.4g suitable for FAN?
using the maximum transmit power available under applicable regulations
Why is no IPv6 packet fragmentation necessary in IEEE 802.15.4g?
because payload was increased
What are typical use-cases for Wi-SUN networks?
Large outdoor wireless mesh networks or field area networks (FAN)
What are the advantages of a mesh topology, as with a Wi-SUN FAN?
self healing, can better react to failure
What are competing technologies with IEEE 802.15.4g?
LoRaWAN
What does NB-PLC stand for?
Narrowband Power Line Communications
What is the main difference between NB-PLC and all other access technologies discussed?
Enables low-frequency over electrical wiring
Which frequencies are used by NB-PLC?
<500kHz)
What is the transmission medium of NB-PLC?
cable
What are typical use-cases for NB-PLC networks?
− Smart metering
− Grid automation
− Electric vehicle to charging station
− Home area networking communications
On which MAC layer specification is NB-PLC based?
IEEE 802.15.4g
What are the differences to other Wi-Fi standards compared to WiFi-HaLow?
Low power, long range Wi-Fi for IoT, Operating at sub-GHz ISM bands
What frequencies are used by WiFi-HaLow?
Operating at sub-GHz ISM bands
What are the advantages of the frequencies used by WiFi-HaLow?
Penetration through walls and other obstacles, Lower energy consumption
What are typical use-cases for Wi-Fi HaLow?
− Smart Grid meters and sensors
− Backhauling of sensor networks (e.g., IEEE 802.15.4g)
− Extended range “Industrial Wi-Fi”
What features are implemented in the MAC layer to make WiFi-HaLow suitable for IoT use-cases?
Scaled number of devices (up to 8192 per AP)
Reduced overhead due to shortened MAC header
Reduced energy consumption with targeted wake time
What technology is NB-IoT based on?
LTE
Does Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) use licensed or unlicensed frequency bands?
licensed
Explain the applicable modes of operation of NB-IoT.
Deployable “in-band”, “guard-band”, or “standalone” in dedicated
spectrum
Who defines what mode of Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT)is used?
service provider
What are typical use-cases for NB-IoT?
car, highly mobile sensor
What are GEO and LEO satellites?
Geosynchronous Equatorial Orbit (GEO) Satellites
Low-Earth Orbiting (LEO) Satellites
At what altitudes do GEO and LEO satellites operate?
GEO: 35 786 km
LEO < 2 000 km
What are typical use-cases for GEO satellites?
Backhauling
What are typical use-cases for LEO satellites?
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