02 Rating of energy systems

Financial Rating

• Most important criteria for a successful implementation for industrial projects

• In €

• Example: CO2 pricing / Carbon pricing —> Costs applied to GHG emissions

• Example: Payback time

Energetic Rating

• It isn’t sufficient to improve energy consumption

• In kWh

• Example: Energy Performance Indicators (EnPI), Benchmarking

Ecologic Rating

• More importance to reduce the GHG due to the Paris agreement

• Driving factor for energy efficiency

• In CO2

• Projects with < 2 years —> usually realized

• < 5 years for projects with environmental impact

• For energy efficiency projects —> not sufficient to calculate the payback time only by energy savings, also consider maintenance costs and production efficiency

Industrial energy demands

• 1/3 industry

• 1/3 transportation

• 1/3 commercial and residential

= Measure of energy intensity to evaluate the effectiveness of the energy management efforts

• Method to rate different energy consumptions in the industry (Process unit 1, process unit 2, overall plant)

• Efficiency = Amount of output per unit of energy

• Intensity = Amount of energy per unit output

• Usually more than one Indicator needed

• Have to fit operational circumstances of the company

• EnPI needs a Energy Baseline (EnB) for comparison of the development

• EnBs have to be determined appropriately

—> Examples: kWh/produced product or annual energycosts/m2

1. Energy Demand

2. Process: GWP (Global Warming Factor) depends on the type of process

3. GHG emissions in CO2-equivalent

Regarding to the Onion Layer Model:

• Is the highest energy efficiency always the best solution?

• Consider interactions between efficiency and flexibility in energy provision for the process

• Find the best trade-off

—> Sectoral coupling of the energy provision

Example

1. CHP plant replacing furnace, internal provision usually baseload design method

2. Flexible CHP plant and intelligent operating supporting technologies

—> Flexible plant is the best solution for a trade-off between energy efficiency and flexibility, but often not the most profitable one

Pros of Flexibilization

• Additional revenue due to intelligent operation planning

• Reduction of plant emissions

• Smoothen volatility of VRE (variable renewable energy?)

• Enable additional RE integration