02 Biogenic solid fuels

“Recent fuels of organic origin which are in solid form at the time of their energetic use”

• Fresh, not fossil

• Herbaceous

• Woody

• Residues/by-products

• Energy plants

1. Combustion - Energy is released in the form of heat.

2. Gasification - Formation of synthetic gases by reacting biomass at high temperatures with a controlled amount of oxygen.

Combustion

—> Hot exhaust gas

• ORC plant (medium thermal oil)

  • Ready for market

  • Potential for optimization

  • Small-medium power

  • Low efficiency

• Steam power plant (medium steam)

  • Well-engineered

  • Good efficiencies

  • Only higher outputs (1 MW)

• Stirling engine

  • Only few developments

  • Small outputs

  • Low efficiency but potential

Gasification

—> Product gas (many technologies —> high efficiencies, small outputs)

1. Use of waste heat:

• Heat boiler (combustion)

• Gas turbine

• Gas engine, CHP

• Fuel cell

1. SNG

• Forest wood

• Waste wood

• Short-rotation coppice

—> Low ash, Cl and pollutant concentrations

—> Good combustion characteristics

• Maize

• Miscanthus

• Straw

—> High ash, CL and pollutant concentrations

—> Not good combustion characteristics

Definition

Calculation

Water content

Humidity