dermatology

Whichembryonallayertheepidermisoriginates.

● From ectoderm,

● From mesoderm,

● From endoderm,

● From nevroectoderm

Howmanysquaremeters(m2)istheskinsurfaceofanadult.

● 1–1,5

● 1,5–2

● 2–3

Whichlayersoftheepidermisiscomposed:

∙ stratum basalе

∙ stratum reticularе

∙ stratum spinosum

∙ stratum papillary

∙ stratum corneum

∙ stratum granulosum

Thedermisiscomposedof:

∙ stratum spinosum

∙ stratum papillary

∙ stratum granulosum

∙ stratum reticular

The color of human skin is due the pygmentes:

∙ Melanin

∙ Carotene

∙ Hemoglobin

∙ In all three

Keratopoesis is:

∙ The process of formation of the stratum corneum

∙ Keratinization of the cells in the basal layer

∙ Expansion of the spinous layer

Please, indicate non-epithelial cells in the epidermis.

● Merkel cells

● Langerhans cells

● Melanocytes

● Spinous cells

Where they are located cells of Langerhans:

∙ stratum basalе

∙ stratum reticularе

∙ stratum spinosum

∙ stratum papillary

∙ stratum corneum

∙ stratum granulos

Whatisthereasonforracedifferencesintheskincolor.

● The number of melanocytes

● The type of pigment

● The number of keratinocytes

● The location and the type of melanosomes in melanocytes

● The location and the type of melanosomes in keratinocytes

Sebaceous glands are:

● Apocrine

● Eccrine

● Holocrine

The protective function of the skin is provided by:

∙ Water-lipid mantle

∙ Desmosomo-tonofilament complex and the basement membrane

∙ Parakeratosis

∙ Elastic connective tissue fibers

∙ Resident microbial flora

∙ Melanin and keratin

∙ The deep vascular plexus

The immunological function of the skin is performed by:

∙ Langerhans cells

∙ Melanocytes

∙ Neutrophils

∙ T lymphocytes

∙ Mast cells

Please, provide rash elements which are at the level of the skin:

∙ Wheal

∙ Roseola

∙ Telangiectasia

∙ Nevus anemicus

∙ Keloid

Providevarioustypesofhemorrhagicspots:

● Petechiae

● Ecchymoses

● Nevus anemicus

● Telangiectasia

● Sufusio

Please, provide the thick units rash:

∙ Papule

∙ Vesicle

∙ Nodulus

∙ Wheal

∙ Vegatatio

∙ Lichenification

The waste rash elements developed:

● Without prior change in topography and density of the

skin

● In the evolution of pre-existing solid or exudative rash

units

● In the evolution of spotted rash units

Petechiais:

● Spotted rash unit

● Papular rash unit

● Exudative rash unit

Wheal is:

∙ spotted rash unit

∙ Thick rash unit

∙ Soon Transient rashes unit

∙ Exudative rash unit

Erosion is:

∙ Disturbance with the integrity of the skin, healing with scar

∙ Linear defect around the holes

∙ Surface disturbance in the integrity of the skin, healing without scar

Vesicle is:

∙ Bubble filled with clear liquid

∙ Bubble filled with pus

∙ Bubble filled with mucin

Which is In the reason for forming the vesicle:

Akantholysis

Spongiosis

Hyperkeratosis

Hipergranulosis

Dystrophy

Pustule is:

∙ Vesicle filled with hemorogic fluid

∙ Vesicle filled with clear liquid

∙ Vesicle filled with pus

Squama resulting from the:

∙ Increased or disturbed keratinization

∙ Accumulation of exudate

∙ Akantholysis

Crust is:

∙ Spotted rash unit

∙ Waste rash unit

∙ Exudative rash unit

∙ Thick rash unit

Vegetation is due to:

● Spongiosis

● Parakeratosis

● Hyperkeratosis

● Expansion of dermal papillae

Histopathological substrate of hives is:

● Parakeratosis

● Spongiosis

● Hipergranulozis

● Transient edema in the dermis

Which are predisposing conditions for pyodermas:

• Poor hygiene

• Immune deficiency

• metabolic disorders

• Often shaving

• Profuse sweating

• Chronic fungal infection of the feet

• Venous ulcers

Who is the cause of folliculitis:

● Staphylococcus

● Streptococcus

● Streptococcus and Staphylococcus

● Mycoplasmas

● Demodex folliculoru

What is clinical manifestation in Folliculitis superficialis

● Perifollicular pustule

● Papules

● Blister

● Erosion

● vesicles

By the term furunculosis is indicated:

∙Presence of multiple boils on different parts of the body

∙Relapsing appearance of boils on the body

∙Appearance of boils in the same place for an extended period of time

What is the clinical manifestation in Ecthyma

● Pustules

● Papules

● superficial ulceration

● erosive lesion covered by crusts

● vesicles

What is the clinical manifestation in Erysipelas

● Pustules

● Papules

● inflammatory infiltrate

● vesicles

● Contour erythematous and oedematous plaque

How to treat Erysipelas

systemic and local antibiotic treatment

systemic and local corticosteroid treatment

antibiotic and antifungal therapy

systemic cytostatic treatment

What is the most common location of Impetigo contagiosa

● Face

● Scalp

● Folds

● Extremities

● Trunk

What clinical examinations are necessary for pyodermas:

Complete blood count,

Differential leucocyte count

Blood glucose

C reactiveprotein (CRP)

Immunoglobulins

Urea

Creatinine

Antibiogram

What are the comorbidities in pyodermas:

Contact dermatitis

Diabetes

Mycosis

Post-tromboflebitic syndrome

Mycobacterial skin infections are • Lyme disease

• Tuberculosis

• Scarlet fever

• leprosy

• Plague

• Erysipelas

Cutaneous tuberculosis is spread by:

• lymphogenic way

• hematogenous way

• transplacental way

• Intra-canalicular

• Moves blood-brain barrier

• adjacent way

. Cutaneous tuberculosis is classified as:

• Primary and secondary

• Acute, subacute and chronic

• Limited and disseminated

• lupus and tuberkulides

Histological substrate in lupus is:

• epithelioid cell granuloma with caseous necrosis

• epithelioid cell granuloma without caseous necrosis

• granuloma "foreign body"

• acanthosis, spongiosis and histiocyte cell dermal infiltrate

Which of clinical diagnoses are forms of lupus • Lupus vulgaris

• Lupus erythematosus

• Tbc cutis papulo-necrotica

• Scrofuloderma

• Tbc cutis verucosa

• Tbc cutis indurativa

• Tbc cutis primaria vera

• Tbc cutis lichenoides

• Tbc cutis miliaris ulcerosa

Which of clinical diagnoses are forms of tuberkulides:

• Lupus vulgaris

• Lupus erythematosus

• Tbc cutis papulo-necrotica

• Scrofuloderma

• Tbc cutis verucosa

• Tbc cutis indurativa

• Tbc cutis primaria vera

• Tbc cutis lichenoides

• Tbc cutis miliaris ulcerosa

Specify clinical forms of leprae:

• Lepra indeterminate

• Lepra tuberculoides

• Lepra lepromatosa

• Lepra borderline

n which clinical form of leprosy occur Facies leonina and elephanthiasis

graecorum

• Lepra indeterminate

• Lepra tuberculoides

• Lepra lepromatosa

• Lepra borderline

Tuberculosis is diagnosed by

• Mantoux Test

• Test Mitsuda

• Test with pencil

• Staining by Ziehl - Neelsen

• Gram stain

• Inoculation of guinea pigs

• study of the culture medium of Sabouraud

• study of the culture medium Loeffler

Leprosy is diagnosed by:

• Mantoux Test

• Test Mitsuda

• Test with pencil

• Staining by Ziehl - Neelsen

• Gram stain

• Inoculation of guinea pigs

• study of the culture medium of Sabouraud

• study of the culture medium Loeffler

Which of these pathogens are dermatophytes:

• Candida spp.

• Trichophyton spp.

• Scopulariopsis brevicaulis

• Epidermophyton spp.

• Fusarium spp.

• Microsporon spp.

• Malassezia spp.

• Aspergillus spp.

Which of these pathogens are yeasts and molds:

• Candida spp.

• Trichophyton spp.

• Scopulariopsis brevicaulis

• Epidermophyton spp.

• Fusarium spp.

• Microsporon spp.

• Malassezia spp.

• Aspergillus spp.

Whatis affected in Tinea capitis profunda

• sebaceous glands

• apocrine sweat glands

• Hairs

• eccrine glands

• vermilion border

• Lymph nodes

Howdoes Tinea capitis superficialis presents:

● Tumor lesions with pustules

● Alopetic plaque

● Atrophy

● Pseudoalopetic plaque with erythema and desquamation

● Dermatosclerosis

Howdoes Tinea corporis clinically expressed:

● erythematous scaly plaque with a clear contour and paler center

● nodular lesions

● lichen papules

● Blisters

How doesTinea capitis superficialis presents:

● Tumor lesions with pustules

● Alopetic plaque

● Atrophy

● Pseudoalopetic plaque with erythema and desquamation

● Dermatosclerosis

Whichanatomicalstructuresmostcommonlyaffectscandidainfection:

• Skin

• Lymph nodes

• apocrine sweat glands

• Mucous membranes

• Hairs

• Nails

• Perionihium

Which diagnostic methods used in mycology:

• Light Wood

• Native KOH preparation

• Filamentation test

• Microscopic preparation stained with methylene blue

• Microscopic preparation stained with Schiff's reagent

• Microscopic preparation stained Gram

• Culture on medium Sabouraud

• Culture testing on medium Loeffler

What are the most common complications of mycotic infections:

• Impetigo

• Erysipelas

• elephantiasis

• Eczema

• Sepsis

Which drugs are used for systemic treatment of mycosis:

• Nizoral tab.

• Gentamycin amp.

• Orungal caps.

• Trizivir tabl.

• Amphotericin B flac.

• Lamisil tab.

• Penicillin G flac.

• Urbason tabl. / Amp

• Nystatin tabl.

• Griseofulvin tabl.

• Methotrexate tabl.

Which drugs are used for the topical treatment of mycosis:

• Nizoral cream

• Gentamycin cream

• Daktarin cream

• Acyclovir cream

• Pevaryl cream

• Lamisil cream

• Dermovate cream

• Canesten cream

• Lioton gel

Who is the agent of Herpes simplex infection:

• Staphylococcus

• Papillomavirus

• Human herpes virus type 1

• Human herpes virus type 2

• Spirocheta pallidum

• Human herpes virus type 3

How to present H.simplex infection in the acute phase:

• With grouped vesicles on erythema

• Flat papules

• With verruca

• With pustule

• Erosion

WhichdiseasescausingEpstein-Barrvirus:

• Cytomegalia

• Lymphoma Burkett

• Aphthous gingivostomatitis

• Infectious mononucleosis

• Kaposi sarcoma

• Giant condylomas

Provide true statements forthe classic Kaposi's sarcoma:

• It is caused by a herpes virus

• Affects young people

• There is a rapid evolution

• The most common location is in the lower limbs

• Metastatic by blood transfer

What disease changes cause papilloma viruses:

• Verruca vulgaris

• Verruca plana juvenilis

• Condilomata acuminata

• Moluscum contagiosum

• Tuberculum mulgentium

Who is the agent of Verruca vulgaris

• Staphylococcus

• Papillomavirus

• H. simplex virus type I and II

• Spirocheta pallidum

• Varicella virus

What is the most common location of Verruca plana juvenilis

• Limbs

• Forehead and chin

• Mucous membranes

• Nails

• palmar-plantar

What is the most common location on Condilomata acuminata

• Lips

• Face

• genital

• Nails

• palmar-plantar

Which of the viruses cause sexually transmitted diseases

• Chlamidia trachomatis

• Human herpes virus type 1

• Human herpes virus type 2

• Human herpes virus type 8

• Spirocheta pallidum

• Human herpes virus type 3

• Human papiloma virus type 6

• Human papiloma virus type 16

Tuberculum mulgentium is a viral disease that is transmitted to humans by: • Bovine animals

• Sheep and goats

• Cats and dogs

• Ornamental birds reared at home

• Aquarium fishes

.Which methods and medicaments are used to treat herpes infections:

• Acyclovir cream

• Aldara cream

• Famvir cream

• Efudix cream

• Aciclovir tabl.

• Isoprinosine tabl.

• Cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen

• Electrocoagulation

• Laser Therapy

.Which methods and medicaments are used for treatment of papilloma viral infections:

• Acyclovir cream

• Aldara cream

• Famvir cream

• Efudix cream

• Aciclovir tabl.

• Isoprinosine tabl.

• Cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen

• Electrocoagulation

• Laser Therapy

Which of the following dermatophyte zoonoses caused by ticks:

• Scabies

• Larva migrans

• Pediculosis

• Іxodiasis

• Trombidiasis

• Ankylostomiasis

Rashes in scabies are:

• erythematous-squamous plaques

• Skabious tunnel

• miliary papule

• excoriation

• Bullous efflorescence

• Polymorphic erythematous-squamous

What are the most common places of localization of scabies rash in adults:

• Kapilitsium

• hands and feet

• umbilicus

• Back of the torax

• On the Penis

• Axillary folds

• Breast

• Wrists

• spaces between the fingers

The most common complications are Scabies:

• Herpes simplex

• Eczema

• malignancy

• Nephropathy

• pyoderma

• Akarofobiya

The cutaneous manifestations of Lyme disease are:

• Erythema chr. migrans

• Erythema anulare centrifugum

• Acrodermatitis chr. atrophicans

• Acrodermatitis papulosa eruptiva inf.

• Morphea (Sclerodermia placata)

Whatarethecausesofpediculosis: • Ixodes ricinus

• Pediculus capitis

• Pediculus vestimenti

• Demodex folliculorum

• Phthirius pubis

Where to look for clinical signs of pediculosis caused by Pediculus capitis:

• In head

• In back of the head

• on the back

• Behind the ears

• In pubis

• clothes

• gaps between fingers

Whatarethesymptomsofchronicpediculosis:

• Maculae coeruleae

• Cutis vagabundorum

• Impetigo contagiosa

• Ecthyma

• Plica polonica

Whatisthebasicrequirementforproperandsuccessfultreatmentofscabies:

• Unconditional treat all contact

• Treatment of patients with 2 courses

• Mandatory bathing, dressing and thermal processing of clothes and underwear

• Refurbishment of focal infections

The treatment of pediculosis is performed by:

• NIX

• Antibiotic cream

• corticosteroid cream

• The insecticide lotion

• Climatotherapy

Hivesis:

• Thick rash unit

• Exudative

• Spot

• Soon-transient

• Rash unit due to skin hypertrophy

Lichenificationisaclinicalmanifestationof:

• Acute Eczema vulgare

• Chronic Eczema vulgare

• Subacute Eczema vulgare

• Atopic Dermatitis

• Dermatitis seborrhoides

OedemaQuinckeaffectsmostoften:

• Locations with loose connective tissue

• Mucous membranes

• Kapilitium

• Smooth skin

UrticariaandOedemaQuinckeoccursonthefollowingimmunological mechanisms:

• I type - IgE mediated

• II type - cytotoxic

• III type - immunocomplex

• IV type - cell mediated

Eczemavulgareaffectsmostoften:

• Seborrheic areas

• The folds

• Areas exposed to contact with allergens

• Lower limbs

• Hands

Eczemavulgareproceedsasfollowsimmunologicalmechanism:

• I type - Ig mediated

• II type - cytotoxic

• III type - immunocomplex

• IV type – delayed

Etiological aspects of seborrheic dermatitis are:

• Malassezia furfur

• Staphylococci

• Viruses

• Contact allergies

• Genetic predisposition

• Hormonal dependence

Seborrheicdermatitispresentswith:

• Erythema

• Desquamation

• blisters

• Follicular hyperkeratosis

• Androgenic alopecia

• Leakage of lymph

What are the manifestations of atopic symptom complex:

• Asthma

• Hay fever

• Arthralgia

• Dermatitis

• Seasonal conjunctivitis

• Painful nodules on lower legs

• Haracteropathy

Which of the following factors can trigger itching in atopic dermatitis?

• inhaled allergens

• food allergens

• psychic overvoltage

• medications

• trauma

• bath in cold water

• infections

Atopic dermatitis in children affects most often:

• Folds

• Gluteus

• palms and soles

• Extremities

• Face

• Kapilitsium

Provide the most common adverse drug reactions to systemic corticosteroids:

• Cushing's Syndrome

• Hypertension

• Hyperglycemia

• Hirsutism

• Osteoporosis

Provide the most common side effects with use of topical corticosteroids:

• Skin atrophy

• Stretch Marks

• perioral dermatitis

• telangiectasia

• Bacterial, fungal, and viral skin infections

• hyperpigmentation

• Hypersensitivity to the topical corticosteroids