Plasticity of the Brain -> importance of experience
a) experience-expectant plasticity
—> no normal development without typical environmental effects
b) eperience-dependant plasticity
—> environmental effects within a normal range
—> more synaptic connections, more complex synaptic connections
five-to-seven shift
rapid changes in childrens
cognitive
emotional
social skills
coincides with childrens entry into formal schooling
—> coincidence/biological? or structure of schooling?
SES- related difference in achievement example math performance
highest income quartile to lowest relatively stable with age
difference does not go away with education but seems to get even bigger
where do differences come from?
quasi experimental design based on arbitrary age cutoff for school entry
goal: delineating unique schooling effects
design: regression discontinuity design - jump in slope
method: school cutoff method - pre-post-group comparison
arbitrary cutoff dates e.g. August
follow up design
first sample: both groups kindergarten
second sample when one group in school for a year and other one did not
the oldest pre-school
the youngest school kids
regression to see if there is an effect of schooling
influence of schooling on children
social groups and roles
following rules
hierarchies
development of reward system
constructive criticism —> more efficient learning
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