A gene that codes for a positive cell cycle regulator is called a(n)
Proto-oncogene
Separation of chromatids is a characteristic of what stage of Mitosis?
Anaphase
Which eukaryotic cell cycle event is missing in binary fission?
Mitosis
An organism’s traits by the specific combination of inherited
Genes
Chromosomes are duplicated during what portion of the cell cycle?
Interphase
The individual chromosomes become visible with a light microscope during which stage of mitosis?
Prophase
The separation of the cytoplasm of a cell during cell division is known as:
Cytokinesis
What is necessary for cell to pass the G2 checkpoint?
Accurate and complete DNA replication.
A diploid cell has _____ the number of chromosomes as a haploid cell.
Twice
What type of cell division actually contains two rounds of cell division?
Meiosis
Abnormalities in the number of X chromosomes tend to be milder than the same abnormalities in autosomes because of
X inactivation
Which of the following is not an example of a sexual life cycle in multicellular organisms?
At which stage of meiosis are sister chromatids separated from each other?
Anaphase II
Meiosis produces ________ daughter cells.
Which type of life cycle has both a haploid and diploid multicellular stage?
A cell that has only one set of chromosomes and thus, one set of genes is said to be what?
Haploid
What is a likely advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?
What event leads to a diploid cell in a life cycle?
Fertilization
Fertilization is a process by which
2 cells, each from a different individual, unite to form one new cell
The part of meiosis that is similar to mitosis is
Meiosis II
What is the reason for doing a test cross?
To identify heterozygous individuals with the dominant phenotype.
The ABO blood groups in humans are expressed as the IA, IB, and i alleles. The IA allele encodes the A blood group antigen, IB encodes B, and i encodes O. Both A and B are dominant to O. If a heterozygous blood type A parent (IA i) and a heterozygous blood type B parent (IB i) mate, one quarter of their offspring are expected to have the AB blood type (IA IB) in which both antigens are expressed equally. Therefore, ABO blood groups are an example of
Multiple alleles and codominance
Imagine that you are performing a cross involving seed color in garden pea plants. What traits would you expect to observe in the F1 offspring if you cross true-breeding parents with green seeds and yellow seeds? Yellow seed color is dominant over green.
Only yellow seeds
In a cross between a homozygous red-eyed female fruit fly and a white-eyed male fruit fly, what is the expected outcome?
All red-eyed offspring
Imagine that you are performing a cross involving seed texture in garden pea plants. You cross true-breeding round and wrinkled parents to obtain F1 offspring. Which of the following experimental results in terms of numbers of plants are closest to what you expect in the F2 progeny?
610:190 round seeds:wrinkled seeds
When a population has a gene with four alleles circulating, how many possible genotypes are there?
10
What are the types of gametes that can be produced by an individual with the genotype AaBb?
AB, Ab, aB, ab
The observable traits expressed by an organism are described as its
Phenotype
A recessive trait will be observed in individuals that are ________ for that trait.
Homozygous
If black and white true-breeding mice are mated and the result is all gray offspring, what inheritance pattern would this be indicative of?
Incomplete dominance
A promoter is
A specific sequence of DNA nucleotides
Which of the following does cytosine pair with?
Portions of eukaryotic mRNA sequence that are removed during RNA processing are
Introns
The rRNA components of ribosomes are synthesized in the
Nucleolus
Control of gene expression in eukaryotic cells occurs at which level(s)?
epigenetic, transcriptional, posttranscriptional, translational, and posttranslational levels
The initial mechanism for repairing nucleotide errors in DNA Is
DNA polymerase proofreading
Post-translation control refers to
Regulation of gene expression after translation
DNA replicates by which of the following models?
________ are permanent changes to the DNA segment.
Gene mutations
How long would the peptide be that is translated from this MRNA sequence: 5'- AUGGGCUACCGA-3'?
Why are theories stronger and more reliable than hypotheses?
Because they are based on many experimentally tested hypotheses.
Meiosis reduces the diploid number of chromosomes by half to prevent the number from ________ after sexual reproduction
Increasing
The disease called sickle-cell anemia is caused by a chance in a single amino acid residue in the hemoglobin protein, resulting in a distortion of the protein's shape at which levels?
primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary
What enzyme is responsible for putting together new DNA segments produced on the lagging strand during DNA replication?
DNA ligaments
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