Testing children

• talk to child instead of parent

• praise child

• keep smiling 😃

• admire tshirt/ shoes

Birth to 6months- facial expressions/baby talk/singing

6 to 18months - talk to child / stranger anxiety

18 to 36 months-does not like to sit still

3 to 6 yrs- can be talktative/sits alone

6 to 12 yrs- avoid babyish terms/involve in discussions ( which eye first)

mum is always right!

Developmental:

• birth hx - full term/premature/weight/problem on delivery

• milestones- 6months sit up, 8 months crawl, 10 months touchs objects, knows colours by 3yrs

Fam hx

• genetic link for Rx

• Childhood strabismus ( 30% chance of manifest dev if parent strabismic)

• Amblyopia

• For cerebral palsy and Down syndrome - reduce accom, consider bifocals

toddlers prefer to look at stimulus. if it can be resolved, they will look at it

*resolution, not recognition

• cowding phenomenon - more difficult to see adjacent letters if objects around it

• single letters will overestimate VA

• adjacent letters reduce VA esp. in presence of amblyopia

KAY : “3m uses logMAR

• under 4yrs = +0.20 to -0.10logMAR

• over 4 yrs= +0.01 to -0.10logMAR

LEA: 4 symbols

PP: 5 symbols- ETDRS format