What is a hybrid electric vehicle? Define!
Name four properties of one-to-one series hybrid electric vehicles!
Define a two-mode hybrid transmission!
Name three advantages of a two-mode hybrid transmission!
Name two energy storage systems for hybrid vehicles!
Draw a schematic representation of the HEV’s architecture based on the provided
information! Make sure to include all the components mentioned and clearly
distinguish between mechanical and electrical connections!
Describe one drawback of the HEV’s architecture!
Which degree of hybridization (DoH) has the HEV?
Which class has the HEV? (e.g. micro HEV, mild HEV, etc.)
What is the motivation behind regenerative braking?
What is engine load point shifting? Explain its motivation/principle!
The speed profile can be divided into the segments S1 to S8 as shown in Fig. 1.
(a) Which operation modes are used in the segments? Name them!
Would it be beneficial to change the vehicle architecture to rear-wheel drive for
regeneration? Give a reason to substantiate your answer!
Explain the engine drag torque T_ICE,drag!
When does it occur? What are the causes and dependencies?
Sketch the equivalent circuit of a battery! State the equation for the voltage
UBT(t) at the battery terminals according to Kirchhoff’s voltage law!
What is a flywheel? Define!
Name two advantages and two disadvantages of the flywheel!
What is power split hybrid electric vehicle (HEV)? Define!
Name two advantages and two disadvantages of power split HEVs!
Consider a hybrid electric vehicle with the architecture and operation modes shown
in Fig. 1, where the long arrows indicate the actual power flow, the short arrows mark
the positive power flow and a lacking arrow marks zero power flow.
(c) Which operation modes are described by (i) to (iv)?
Sketch the relationship between the friction coefficient μ and slip s in the direc-
tion of motion in the diagram given in Fig. 3!
Highlight the regions in the graph where the relationship is linear and nonlinear!
Describe the stability characteristics of these highlighted regions!
Which factors or events lead to slip in the graph’s nonlinear sections
From the structure given in Fig. 4, name the gear g with the negative gear ratio!
Give a short reason for your answer!
From the structure given in Fig. 4, name the gear g with the smallest positive
gear ratio!
What is a supercapacitor? Define!
Name one property and one application of supercapacitors!
What is a range extender hybrid electric vehicle? Define!
Name two advantages and two disadvantages of parallel hybrid electric vehicles!
What is engine phlegmatization? Define!
Mark the properties of the start-stop systems given in Table 1 by a cross (⊠)!
How is electric boost implemented and what impact does it have on vehicle
performance?
State two benefits of electric boost!
Name any two dissipative vehicle resistance forces!
Name any two conservative vehicle resistance forces!
Name any two phenomena causing the aerodynamic resistance!
Name any two parameters that increase the rolling resistance coefficient cr!
Name any two parameters that decrease the rolling resistance coefficient cr
Name two advantages and two disadvantage of a continuously variable transmis-
sion (CVT)!
Name the gear g with the smallest positive gear ratio and determine its gear
ratio! Give a short reason for your answer!
What is the engine drag torque?
State the power electronics losses and name their dependencies!
What is the capacity Q0 of a battery? Define!
How can the capacity Q0 of a battery be determined? Discuss!
Sort the following energy storages in descending order by their power density!
(Long-term flywheel, supercapacitor, lead-acid, fuel cell)
Sketch the equivalent circuit of a supercapacitor!
Apply Kirchhoff’s voltage law to the equivalent circuit! equivalent circuit of a supercapacitor
Define the local supercapacitor efficiency based on charge and discharge power
and additionally in terms of charge and current!
What is an electric vehicle? Define!
Name two advantages and two disadvantages of electric vehicles!
Name four unconventional energy converters used in vehicles!
Name four unconventional energy storage systems used in vehicles!
What is engine downsizing? Name two advantages!
Which architecture has this hybrid electric vehicle? (series, parallel or combined)
Which class has this hybrid electric vehicle? (e.g. micro HEV, mild HEV, etc.)
Which degree of hybridization DoH has this hybrid electric vehicle?
Describe two drawbacks of the given architecture!
Mark the motor/motors which are used to realize the operation modes in this
hybrid electric vehicle in Table 1 by a cross (⊠)!
Which operation modes are used in the segments? Give reason for your answer!
What is coasting? Discuss the concept and requirements!
State the equation of motion of a vehicle in longitudinal direction!
Which phenomena cause the aerodynamic resistance?
What kind of force is the aerodynamic resistance force (dissipative, conservative,
...)? Give a short reason for your answer!
Name four parameters that affect the rolling resistance coefficient cr!
From the structure given in Fig. 3, name the gear g with the smallest positive
gear ratio! Give a short reason for your answer!
From the structure given in Fig. 3, name the gear g with the negative gear ratio!
Name two advantages and two disadvantages of an automatic transmission!
Name four major parameters used to characterize storage systems!
Give three examples of processes or situations which reduce the battery cycle
lifetime!
Sort the following energy storages in descending order by their energy density!
(nickel-cadmium, lithium-ion, supercapacitor, long-term flywheel)
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