Ecology and Sustainable Development

Energy generated by fusion in sun is emitted as

advent of agriculture 10.000 years ago led to

2 important innovations in China in middle age:

key innovations for second industrial revolution

% major global religions

first 3 large empires in human history (founded 2500 years ago)

3 Countires holding the largest colonial empires

2 majoir scientific achievements in world war 2 leading to industrial revolution 3:

Abiotic factors makung up environment of an organism are

most important macromolecules in living species

Organelles in eukaryotes

Important terrestial biomes

Movement of tectonic plates of earth crust lead to

Very high dipole movement of water molecule gives water special important properties

layers of the atmosphere (bottom to top)

main classes of organic carbon compounds in living species

In hydrosphere carbon exists as

most important autotroph organisms

Major processes for release of carbon into atmosphere

Volcanic erruption release following substances in gaseous form

Mechanism of nitrogen uptake in atmosphere and soil by plants

Major plant nutrients (from fertilizer)

major processes releasing nitrogen into atmosphere

Source of input of phosphorus to water and soil

Major abiotic factors determining quality, stability and vulnerability of an ecosystem

examples for present ecological crisis are

examples for past ecological crisis are

examples for present regional ecological crisis are

examples for past regional ecological crisis are

Most important radioactive elements of Chernobyl

Benefits of biodiversity

Persistant threads to biodiversity

most important classes of chemical substances in relation to pollution of environment

main POP which have been banned

Club of rome proposed for basis for future sustainable development the decoupling of

Major EU legislation on air pollution

major primary air pollultants

major secondary air pollultants

major sources for SO2 in ambient air of europe

Major reasons for elevated ozone levels in ambient air of europe

Major sources for PM10 in ambient air in europe

Major sources for PM2,5 in ambient air in europe

main measures for reduction of SO2-pollution of ambient air in europe

main measures for reduction of pollution of ambient air in europe with particular matter

major sources for biological / chemical water pollution

major inorganic contaminents of water

major organic contaminents of water

key function of soil

Mitigation of soil contamination arising from waste deposition (landfilling)

Drivers of increased resource (and energy) use

human-caused deforestation and degradation of forest habitat is continuing primarly due to

Impact of deforestation on environment

genetic seed modification of seed material allows to produce plants with new properties

most important GM crops are

most important modern fishing technologies leading to overexploitation of fish stocks

EU set recycling goals between 50 & 85% for

major sinks for greenhouse gases are uptake by

Critical raw materials for realization of Green Deal

Main green house gases

major visible impacts of global warming

main implementation tools of EU climate and energy policy

reasons for aging of populations

drivers for “Third industrial revolution”

Key elements for “third industrial revolution” are development of sustainable technologies

Major green house gas emission reduction measures for road transport

Major green house gas emission reduction measures for buildings

Major green house gas emission reduction measures for agriculture

3 sectors with highest greenhouse gas emissions in EU

major base load / backup power plants for future electricity production

major means to store excess electricity (wind and solar)

first generation of biofuels

major techniques to produce hydrogen in large quantities as basis for “hydrogen economy”

technologies for production of low carbon electricity

Landmark events in space exploration

Operational dimension of EU GMES (copernikus) programme covers

How many galaxies do we have (Milky way is one of them)

How many stars contains milky way

one galactic year in “normal” years

How many plantes does our solar system have

diameter of earth

Core T°C of sun

Surface T°C of sun

Age of earth

which of following species doesnt beling to class of homo erectus

When developed homo sapiens

appearance of homo sapiens led to extinction of

weight of human brain

Islamic religion developed where, when:

Developer of the philosophical school of athens

Muslim empire came up with important innovations by production of:

most innovative domain in europe was the

Age of enlightnenment led to principles of:

First and Second world war brought massive shift of political power from

Robert Schuman is one of the founding fathers of:

Prime drivers for globalization

Innovation of WWW 1989 was made at

Number of internet users globally is around

number of internet users has increased (in last 20 years) by factor of

Percentage of global population using smartphones

In the Anthopocene during last 100 years the consumption of energy and natural resources has increased by factor of

Percentage of human genome identical with genes of shimpanzees is

Amount of cells in human brain

Amount of energy used by human brain

when was the first major european colony “New spain” founded when and by who

historically largest empire was

Invention of James Watt enabled the building of

share of world trade carried by shipping is

global number of air passengers per year

amount of base pairs in human DNA

amount of genes in human DNA

difference in DNA sequence between various peoples in human race

what contains the highest number of cells in human body

main component of lithosphere

Core T°C of earth

Mass of earth is responsible for

The ocean water of our planet originates from

How many pieces EU environmental legislation have been produced since 1970

Climate of savanna

Climate of forests

Climate of tropical rain forest

When did the evolution of the biosphere begin

Annual movement of tectonic plates in order of some

max. densitiy of water at

Seawater is in respect to pH values

amount of water on our earth originates from

Eart temperature without green house effect

when ended the last ice age

which water has higher oxygen content (polar sea water or tropical ocean water)

how much surface is covered by water

how much of global water resources is fresh water

average global temperature during ice age

Where is the highest concentration of water in the atmosphere

Photosynthesis of oceanic plants produces

Gulf stream influences the climate of

Gulf stream originated by updwelling of warmer water in the

Gulf stream is largely driven by

average content of water in atmosphere

unpolluted rainwater is in respect to pH values

Salt content of ocean water

Nitrogen : Oxyen ratio

Oxygen content in atmosphere

CO2 content in atmosphere

Atmosphere protects life on earth by absorbing

Average atmospheric pressure at sea level is

available oxygen at mount everest

Jet stream blow from

Trade winds blow from

what is produced in respiration process

photosynthesis, enegry is

respiration process: energy

Phytoplankton is responsible for … % of oxygen in atmosphere

sunlight delivering energy for photosynthesis belongs to

CO2 dissolves in ocean water and reacts to form

Nitrat contains chemical group

Ammonium salts contains chemical group

Fixing molecular nitrogen from air is done by

largest pool of nitrogen is in

Plants absorb nutrient nitrogen from soil if this element is present as

One most important greenhouse gas is

Main source for air pollutants NO & NO2 are

Main source for NH3 in air is

which water body has highest oxygen content

Main source of O₂ in air

Cellular energy carrier

Hemoglobin binds O₂ with

Fertilizers sustain

Highest O₂ sea region

Energy from aerobic respiration

% of endangered species on IUCN Red List:

Insect species number:

Plant species number

Registered chemical substances:

Substances regularly produced

Heavy metal pollution source

EU pesticide MRL in water

Pesticide that decays rapidly in soil

“Biocides” coined by Rachel Carson means:

The Silent Spring” by Rachel Carson marks the beginning of:

Limits to Growth” (1972) demands

IPCC publishes assessments on

Earth Summit Johannesburg 2002 produced an agreement to

NEC Directive applies to EU and

Air pollutant affecting largest number of Europeans above limit values

Most effective instrument to reduce NOx and PM from road traffic

% European urban population exposed to ozone above limits (2020)

Air pollutant most reduced in last decades

Euro 6 emission standard reduces NOx for diesel cars by

Euro 6 emission standard reduces PM for diesel cars by

Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) network

% of global land covered with forests

Agriculture started

Land needed to support 1 person in hunter-gatherer societies

Modernisation of agriculture allowed population growth by:

Agricultural production as % of gross world product:

Area needed for 1 kg vegetable production:

Area needed for 1 kg beef production:

Meat % of global food production and land use

Usable agricultural land globally:

Agriculture % of global freshwater use:

Share of GM soy in global soy harvest (2023):

European Commission on GMO risk:

Global fish catches (2022):

Global aquaculture production (2022)

Agricultural land use per capital

Since 1850, global energy production increased by factor:

% of present global energy from fossil fuels

Under business as usual, energy consumption will increase till 2050 by

center of galaxy formed by

sun consists of

first proto state developed 600 years ago in

europeans seafarers had impact on colonalization by

major ideas in age of enlightenment were

major philisophers in age of enlightenment were

principles in age of enlightenment were basis for constitutions

drivers for global free trade agreement 1995

Leading economiesin 2050 will be

elements of prokaryotic cells

elements of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

elements of eukaryotes cells

Major biomes of europe

Major biomes of africa

two most important factors influencing vegetation on earth are

2 largest biogeographic regions of europe

Core of earth contains

ocean currents are importent for ecosystem because

huge steady ocean currents are driven by

In hadley cell

Components of biosphere

Carbin in lithosphere

Nitrogen is present in

Autonomous nitrogen uptake by plants in form of

Haber Bosch process

Phosphorus occurs in

Major sources for phosphorus in water are

oversupply of phosphorus leads to

free oxygen occurs in

Permian triassic and cretaceous triassic extinkction events were caused by

essential chem. compounds provided by air are

Biodiversity hotspots are in

Most important chemical substances in relation to pollution are

Major suspected causes for “colony disorder” are

chem. characteristics of POPs

substances belong to POPs

POPs that have been banned

United Nation Conference 1992 produced

UN millenium devlpt. goals established in 2000

UN agenda for sust. devlop. 2015 set goals for

Policy acts of europe which had impact on development of environmental and sustainablity policies are:

important pollutants

Major air pollutants

major health effects caused by pollution are

sources for elevated NO2 in air

primary air pollutants forming secondary pollutant ozone:

important pieces of EU legislation to limit air pollution are

major source for emissions of NOx

major mitigation measures for air pollution

massive reduction of SO2 pollution has been achieved by:

general water resources problems in europe

most important anthropogenic pressures on coastal zones in europe are

major contaminents in water:

major cause for eutrophication

disease caused by water contamination

most important chemicals for soil contamination

major soil problems in europe

neolithic founder crops of agriculture

three important food products (terms of production volume)

major GE products

Major suppliers of natural gas

Major suppliers of crude oil

major sources for CO2 are

major sources for CH4 are

major sources for N2O are

GHG with warming effect

GHG with cooling effect

agriculture responsible for emissions of

worlds most spoken languages

3 largest religions

main technical measures in EU in reduction of GHG em by 55% until 2030:

major strategic EU climate & energy policy are

results from paris climate agreements are

3 biggest economies

basis for EU policies … sust. devlpt. is:

a fuel cell uses

second and third generation biofuels

space missions transporting people

most important launch vehicles for satellites are

Features for Rosetta:

Tasks for Parker sun probe:

universe began 14 billion years with

6-10 million years ago the seperate evolution of

homo erectus was first homonid to control

homo sapiens developed 200.000 years ago in

foundations of government system founded in

Golden Age following middle age is called

Steam engine was invented by Boulton and

masterpieces of scientific art is

discovery of heliocentric system by

key invention for first indust. revolution

french philisopher who developed “separation of power”

first enceclopedia that had influence for spread of knowledge in populaton was complied by:

Motto of french revolution

scientist who developed the laws for chemical reactions

Justus von Liebig developed the

important agreement for liberalisation of global trade has been concluded under the umbrella of

during last 3 centuries the global population has grown by factor

since 1900 global energy resource consumption has grown by factor

combi of several atoms bound together is called

dna consist of 3 billion

structure inside cell performing special function

building stones of proteins

first living things on earth were

in respect to cell structure complex living species belong to group of

Mitochondria extract XXX from sugar and fat

chloroplasts produce xxx from CO2 and water

climatically & geographically defined are

Ecologically defined area inhabited by particular species

natural unit consisting of all plants animals & microorgs. in an area living togetehr is calles

biosphere consists of all earth’s

solid outermost shell of earth is called

outer litosphere consists mostly of

core of our planet consists of

Earth core consits mainly of

Gravitaional field of earth is defined by

acidity is expressed as pH value, where pH =

pH scale comprises X orders of magnitude

acidic water has pH value of

unpolluted rain water has pH 5,6 since it is saturated with acid gas

ice age ended around

in top surface zone of ocean the producation of biomass by

the zone of the ocean until 150m depth and rich in fish is called

what moderates the planets climate, affects composition of atmosphere ?

sea water contains dissolved gases like

thermohaline circulation in oceans is driven by

our weather is formes in atmospheric layer called

major cause for strong vertical mixing in troposphere creating weather is

atmosphere protects life on earth by absorbing X solar radiation

atmospheric pressure is direct result of

first oxygen producing species

in respect to energy balance respiration is an xxx reaction

major driving force for atmospheric circulation is

circulation pattern that dominates the tropical atmosphere

Near the tropopause, air moves polewards in hadley cell, turned eastwards by

wind flowing from east to west near surface of Atlc ocean

energy required for photosynthesis comes from

what is produced in photosynthesis

photosynthesis reaction

catalyst for photosynthesis?

where?

Haber Bosch produces NH3, reaction:

No and NO2 in atmph react with hydrocarbons to form

what has caused massive increase of NOx flux into atmphr

main source for N2O is use of

what process produces 100 million tons of nitrogen fertilizer

main source of oxygen in bio- & atmosphere is

main way how oxygen is lost from atmosphere is via

respiration reaction

blood cells transporting oxygen

oxygen bound to molecule called

in hemoglobin oxygen is bound to xxx atom

respiration in animals: breaking down

absence of oxygen in animal and plant matter cause breakdown of carbon compounds to

lowest trophic level in aquatic food chain is made up of

supercontinent that existed 250million years ago is called

what dissapeared through: cretaceous tertiary extinction

through cretaceous tertiary extinction, a new species developed

worst nuclear power plant accidents 1986 was in

international treaty of 1992 in Rio adressed … in the XXX

1/5 of land in EU is protected under … known as

UN codex alimentaris sets maximum levels for

most effective mean to combat malaria is

organic substances which resist degradation and remain forever

most important classes of herbicides to control wheats

POPs typically contain the element

public awarness for environmental pollution 1962 by

the report “our common future” … is the accepted definition for

publishing special reports on global state … is main acitivit y of

IPCC was established in 1998 by WMO and

publishing scientific assessments of global warming is main activity of

UNFCCC stands for

8 goals that were set up in UN conference in 2000

emission of air pollutants are measured as

air quality is measured as

main chemical component of summer smog

ozone is formed by reaction of VOCs with

who requires all member states to report ino annually concerning emissions and projections for fours main air pollutants

what is formed from VOCs and NOx in presence of UV

what can lead to bacterial contamination of groundwater

widley used measure of eutrophication is determination algal and .. biomass from

lake with high primary productivity

lake with low primary productivity

widespead acidification of lakes in

detergents are major source for the element:

EU legislation from 2000 requiring .. river basin management based on ecosystem approach is called

main source of nutrients (chemicals) to surface waters leading to eutrophication

who deals with aspects of overfishing ….: