8_IP

Patents = new inventions in any field of technology (e.g., machines, medicine, processes)

• Gives the inventor an exclusive right to use, make, sell, or import the invention

• Valid only in the country or region where it is granted.

• Protection lasts at least 20 years (limited time).

• In exchange, the inventor must publicly disclose the invention.

Copyright = literary and artistic works, such as books, music, paintings, films, software

• Arises automatically (no registration needed under Berne Convention; most countries also allow for voluntary registration of works)

• Two main types of rights:

  • Economic rights: earn money from the work (e.g., reproduction, public use).

  • Moral rights: protect the author’s reputation and name.

• Usually lasts until 50–70 years after the author’s death.

Trademarks = signs that distinguish goods or services (e.g., brand names, logos, sounds, colors)

• Protects brand identity in commerce.

• Must be registered in most countries for full protection.

• Can last indefinitely, as long as it is used and renewed.