Herzkreislauf

VCO = Cardiac Output

pmap = average blood presure in [mmHg]

0.0022 = Umrechnung von mmHg zu Pascal

gesund : 70-80ml

gesund in Ruhe: ~70

VCO = Schlagvolumen * Heartrate

Trachea (Luftröhre)

Bronchus

Bronchiole

alveole (gas exchange)

TV Tidal Volume: Menge bei normaler Ein und Ausatmung ~

RV Residual volume rest der immer in der Lunge bleibt (verhindert kolabieren) ~1,3 l

ERV expiratorisches Reserve volumen (kann mit extra kraft ausgeatmet werden) ~

IRV inspiratorisches Reserve Volumen (kann mit extra Krasft ausgeatmet werden)

Vital Capacity: IRV + TV + ERV ~ 4l

FRC: functional residual capacity: RV + ERV

Inputs

PIP: peak insiratory pressure

PEEP: positive endexpiratory pressure

I/E : inspiratory to expiratory ratio

RR: respiratory rate

f₀₂: partial oxygen fraction

Outputs:

paO₂ : oxygen partial pressure

paCO₂: carbon dioxide pratial pressure

Vt : tidal volume

1 mbar = 100 Pascal

Körmperkreislauf:

Other (Liver, Gut…) 1800 mL/min

Kidneys 1200 mL/min

Muscels 1100 mL/min

Brain 0.75 mL/min

Skin 400 mL/min

Heart 225 mL/min

LungenKreislauf:

Lunge 5500 mL/min

Function whole Blood: O2 and CO2 transport, heat, pH-value, Defense, wound closure

O2 transprt: with hemoglobin

Viscoity: 3cP

Erytrozyten : diameter 8μm disc, deformable

-> diameter of Capilars 5μm -> Erys getting deformed

Albumin 4.8 g/L

regulation of plasma volume and pH-value

Globulin 2.5 g/L

Immune defense

Fibrignogen 0.3 g/L

Blood coagolation

Fahraeus-Effekt:

Cell conscentration in the middle of the vessel (capilary centre)

formation:

Rouleaux -> to reduce strain on the cells at higher shear forces

j = -D_k * dC_k/dx

C_k = particle concentration

D_k = individual diffusion coefficient

Sick Sinus Syndrome (SSS):

causing dainting typacaly 20-40 sec

Hepersensitive Carotis Sinus Syndrome SA Block:

Sinuatrial Block:

disruption of stimulus conductioj within the artria

AV-Block:

1st degree: conduction time increased

2nd degree: conduction time increased up to missing beats

3rd degree: seperate rythms of artria and ventricles heart rate < 40

artrail fibrilation:

ventricel fibrilation:

Rheobase U_rheo : minimal current of infinte duration that results in the depolarisation

~ 0.2 - 10 V

Ustim : we stimulate with 2 * U_rheo

tchronax : time of stimulation with Urheo to excite tissue

To be safe often used :

4* Urheo with t_chronax

or

2 U_rheo with 2t_chronax