What are the main branches of government in the UK?
The legislature (Parliament), the executive (Government), and the judiciary (Courts).
Who makes up the executive in the UK?
The Prime Minister, Cabinet, ministers, and the civil service.
What is the role of the Prime Minister?
Head of government, leader of the Cabinet, and main representative of the executive.
What is the Cabinet?
A group of senior ministers, usually heads of departments, that make key government decisions.
What is the role of the civil service?
To implement government policy and advise ministers; politically neutral and permanent.
What is collective Cabinet responsibility?
The principle that all Cabinet members must support government decisions publicly or resign.
How is the UK executive held accountable?
Through parliamentary scrutiny (e.g. PMQs, select committees), judicial review, and public opinion.
What are the two chambers of the UK Parliament?
The House of Commons and the House of Lords.
What is the primary role of the House of Commons?
To make and pass legislation, represent the people, and scrutinise the government.
What is the function of the House of Lords?
To revise and scrutinise legislation; it cannot permanently block laws.
What is a Select Committee?
A parliamentary committee that examines specific policy areas and holds ministers to account.
What is Prime Minister’s Questions (PMQs)?
A weekly session where MPs question the PM directly in the House of Commons.
What is the role of backbench MPs?
To represent their constituents and hold the government to account through debate and voting.
What does the Parliament Acts 1911 & 1949 regulate?
Limit the powers of the House of Lords, especially in delaying legislation.
What is a Public Bill Committee?
A group of MPs that reviews proposed legislation in detail.
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