What is direct proportion?
Both sides of the ratio increase and decrease by the same factor
What is inverse proportion?
One side of the ratio decreases as the other side increases by the same factor
What is the chronological order of the four general eras of physics?
Greek philosophy, alchemy, classical physics, modern physics
What physicist played one of the most important roles in the era of classical physics?
Isaac Newton
What physicist played one of the most important roles in the era of modern physics?
Albert Einstein
What is kinematics?
The study of the motion of objects
What is dynamics?
The study of motion
What does conservation of energy mean?
Energy can be neither created nor destroyed
What are the features used to describe vibrations?
Speed
Frequency
Period
Wavelength
Amplitude
The Greek letter lambda (λ) is the abbreviation for what?
What does superposition mean?
Two waves can be in the same place at the same time, but two particles cannot
What is the effect called when two waves interact and produce a smaller amplitude than either individual wave?
Destructive interference
What is the effect called when two waves interact and produce a larger amplitude than either individual wave?
Constructive interferrence
What can happen to a sound wave when it crosses a boundary from one medium to another?
Higher amplitude sounds are what?
Which kinds of waves have vibrations parallel to the direction the wave travels?
Longitudinal
Which kinds of waves have vibrations perpendicular to the direction the wave travels?
Transverse
When a sound wave is transmitted at a boundary into a new medium, can the speed of the sound wave change?
Yes
What will happen to the sound from a guitar string if you go from pressing down the first fret to pressing down no frets?
The pitch will lower
Which of the following are examples of longitudinal waves?
How many times more intense is a 40 dB sound than a 10 dB sound?
1,000 times more intense
When the source of a sound is approaching the observer, what changes about the sound that the observer hears?
The pitch will increase the faster the source is moving towards the observer
What color has the lowest frequency?
Red
What color has the highest frequency?
Purple/Violet
When does redshift occur?
When the source of light is moving away from the observer, lengthing the wavelength
When does blueshift occur?
When the source of light is moving towards the observer, shorting the wavelength
What sort of electromagnetic energy has a frequency just below that of visible light?
Infrared
What sort of electromagnetic energy has a frequency just above that of visible light?
Ultraviolet
What will the human eye see when it receives photons of all different frequencies across the spectrum?
White
What color is perceived when only the mid-frequency cones of the eye are activated?
Green
Which of the following colors can NOT be made by a single wavelength of light hitting the eye, but requires both low and high frequency cones to be activated?
What is the name for the change in the path of a light beam when it slows down entering a new material?
Refraction
If a material is considered transparent, what will happen to most of the light waves that enter the material?
Transmission
A real image is what?
What is the definition of temperature?
The average thermal energy per particle
What temperature scale is based on absolute zero?
Kelvin
Are Kelvins larger, smaller, or the same size as Celsius degrees?
They are the same size
What are the three types of heat transfer?
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Which type of heat transfer is most compatible with liquids and gases?
Which type of heat transfer can carry energy through the vacuum of space?
Which type of heat transfer occurs due to molecular collisions?
Is the amount of heat conducted over time proportional to the thickness of a material, and if so, is it directly or inversely proportional?
Yes, inversely proportional
What things equal zero when absolute zero is reached?
Thermal energy
Temperature in Kelvins
Entropy
What is the “zeroth“ law of thermodynamics?
If two systems are in thermal equilibrium with a third system, then they are in thermal equilibrium with each other
What is the first law of thermodynamics?
Energy can neither be created nor destroyed
What is the second law of thermodynamics?
The amount of entropy in a system cannot decrease
What is the third law of thermodynamics?
At 0 K, entropy reaches 0
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