铁
tiě
Base for steel and cast iron
Iron
碳
tàn
Primary hardening agent in steel
Carbon
铝
lǚ
Lightweight structures, aerospace
Aluminum
铜
tóng
Electrical wiring, heat exchangers
Copper
锌
xīn
Galvanizing steel, brass production
Zinc
铬
gè
Corrosion resistance (stainless steel)
Chromium
镍
niè
High-temperature alloys, plating
Nickel
钛
tài
High strength-to-weight applications
Titanium
钨
wū
Cutting tools, high-heat resistance
Tungsten
硅
guī
Alloying agent in cast iron/aluminum
[矽 xì - Taiwan]
Silicon
碳钢
tàngāng
Divided into low-carbon (低碳钢), medium-carbon (中碳钢), and high-carbon (高碳钢) based on the carbon percentage
Carbon Steel
不锈钢
bùxiùgāng
Contains chromium (usually >10.5%) to prevent rusting.
Stainless Steel
铸铁
zhùtiě
Iron with >2% carbon; used for engine blocks and heavy machine bases.
Cast Iron
黄铜
huángtóng
An alloy of copper and zinc; used for valves and fittings.
Brass
青铜
qīngtóng
Traditionally copper and tin; used for bearings and bushings.
Bronze
硬铝
yìnglǚ
Aluminum alloyed with copper and manganese; used in aircraft structures.
Duralumin
氧化铝
yǎnghuàlǚ
A ceramic (Al₂O₃) used for abrasives and cutting tool inserts.
Aluminum Oxide
碳化钨
tànhuàwū
A very hard compound (WC) used for drill bits and industrial saws.
Tungsten Carbide
聚合物
jùhéwù
Common engineering plastics include Nylon (尼龙 - Nílóng) and Polyethylene (聚乙烯 - Jù yǐxī)
Polymers
聚氯乙烯
jù lǜ yǐ xī
Pipes, cables
乙烯基塑料
Yǐxī jī sùliào
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
聚酰胺（尼龙）
jù xiān àn (ní lóng)
Gears, bearings
Polyamide (Nylon)
聚四氟乙烯（特氟龙）
jù sì fú yǐ xī (tè fú lóng)
Seals, coatings
Polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon)
延展性
yánzhǎnxìng
Ductility
硬度
yìngdù
Hardness
抗拉强度
kànglā qiángdù
Tensile Strength
耐腐蚀性
nài fǔshí xìng
Corrosion Resistance
金属疲劳
jīnshǔ píláo
Fatigue
复合材料
Fùhé cáiliào
Composite Material
合金
Héjīn
Alloy
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