For phylogenetic analysis (building species tree) it is best to use:
A) Analogs
B) Homologs
C) Orthologs
D) Pseudologs
E) Paralogs
Obligate pathogens tend to have:
A) Large genomes
B) A lot of heterochromatin
C) Low % GC
D) Multi-gene families
E) Many transposable elements
What type of organisms live at 100°C?
A) Mesophiles
B) Thermophiles
C) Hypothermophiles
D) Megaphiles
E) Hyperthermophiles
The first bioinformatic prediction of the minimal genome was __ genes.
A) 128
B) 256
C) 512
D) 759
E) 1024
The smallest known genome size of a free-living bacterium (M.genitalium) is:
A) 120 kb
B) 250 kb
C) 360 kb
D) 430 kb
E) 580 kb
Compared to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. leprae has:
A) A larger genome
B) More genes
C) More pseudogenes
D) More chromosomes
E) Higher %GC
Which model species has the most genes?
A) Saccharomyces cerevisiae
B) Caenorhabditis elegans
C) Drosophila melanogaster
D) Bacillus subtilis
E) Arabidopsis thaliana
Which model species has the most homologs of human disease genes?
Which chromosome shows the least sequence divergence (between human and chimpanzee)?
A) 21
B) 22
C) 17
D) Y
E) X
If a gene is under no selection to maintain its protein coding sequence we expect:
A) dN/dS < 0
B) 0< dN/dS < 1
C) dN/dS = 1
D) dN/dS > 1
E) dN/dS cannot be calculated
Which of the following is not a gene ontology?
A) Cellular component
B) Genomic location
C) Molecular function
D) Biological process
E) All other answers are a gene ontology
DDT resistance in D. melanogaster is caused by increased expression of a ____
A) Choline dehydrogenase
B) Protease
C) Heat shock
D) Cytochrome P450
E) microRNA
In Drosophila melanogaster, oxidative stress tolerance is associated with a ____ at the MtnA locus.
A) Microsatellite expansion
B) Synonymous SNP
C) Non-synonymous SNP
D) Deletion polymorphism
E) Transposable element
Knock-out of the Drosophila fezzik CG9509 gene results in:
A) Larger body size
B) Saller body size
D) Male infertility
E) Female sterility
On average, genes expected in ___ show the least protein divergence …
A) Brain
B) Heart
C) <???>
D) Blood
E) Testis
What is the largest gene family in humans?
A) Olfatory Receptors
B) Hox Genes
D) DNA Polymerases
E) Nucleus
Which two methods can be used to identify sex-biased genes?
A) Microarrays and RNA-seq
B) PCR and exome sequencing
D) ChIP-seq and exome sequencing
E) SSCP and 2D-PAGE
What is the maximum possible value of the codon bias measure ENC?
A) 16
B) 20
D) 61
E) 64
“Optimal Codons” are used most frequently in:
A) Lowly expressed genes
B) Highly expressed genes
D) Pseudogenes
E) Male-biased genes
The spontaneous deletion rate in grasshoppers (Podisma) <???>
A) Microsatellites
B) Short intro…
D) Noncoding intergenic regions
E) Nuclear copies..
List the species (genera) in order from highest to lowest… <???>
A) Podisma > Laupala > Drosophila
B) Laupala > Podisma > Drosphila
C) Podisma > Drosophila > Langala
D) Drosophila > Laupala > Podisma
E) Drosophila > Podisma > Laupala
“Faster-X” evolution is expected if, on average:
A) Beneficial mutations are dominant
B) Beneficial mutations ...
C) Deleterious mutations are dominant
D) Deleterious mutations…
E) Sexually antagonistic mutations are dominant
The “Large-X effect” is observed in studies of:
A) Sex-biased gene expression
B) Ecological adaptation
D) Sexual antagonism
E) Sequence divergence among…
24. Which of the following statement about Drosophila male-biased…
A) They are under-represented on the X chromosome
B) They have greater codon bias than female-biased genes
C) They have lower dN/dS than female-biased genes
D) They show less sex-bias than female biased genes
E) They are always located on the Y chromosome
A trans-regulatory variant always …
A) has a negative affect on organismal fitness
B) influences the expression on an unlinked gene
C) has a compensatory interaction with a cis-regulatory variant
D) has a different effect in male and females
E) changes an amino acid within a transcription factor
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