GNAV 04

[GNAV-PT04 #1] Which of the following types of projections are used for aeronautical charts? Mark all correct answers. A) Cylindrical B) Azimuthal. C) Conical. D) Stereographic.

[GNAV-PT04 #2] What, in general terms, is the name of the point where a chart makes contact with the reduced Earth? A) Origin. B) Equator. C) Meridian of longitude. D) Pole.

[GNAV-PT04 #3] What type of aeronautical chart is projected from a point on the Earth, directly opposite the chart origin? A) Polar Stereographic. B) Lambert's Orthographic. C) Mercator's Non-azimuthal. D) Lambert's Gnomonic.

[GNAV-PT04 #4] Where, in general terms, is chart convergency equal to Earth convergency on a chart? A) Meridian of longitude. B) Pole. C) Origin. D) Equator.

[GNAV-PT04 #5] Which ICAO documents provide the specifications for aeronautical charts? Mark 2 correct answers. A) ICAO Document 8168. B) ICAO Annex 10. C) ICAO Annex 4. D) ICAO Document 8697.

[GNAV-PT04 #6] How are meridians of longitude depicted on aeronautical charts? A) Straight lines. B) Straight lines, converging to the nearer pole. C) Curved lines, concave to the nearer pole. D) Curved lines, convex to the nearer pole.

[GNAV-PT04 #7] What are contour lines on a chart? A) Lines joining points of equal geographic interest. B) Lines joining points of equal elevation. C) Lines joining points of unequal elevation. D) Lines joining points of equal importance.

[GNAV-PT04 #8] What colour are contour lines on a chart? A) Red B) Green C) Blue D) Brown

[GNAV-PT04 #9] What is depicted by contour lines on a chart, which are closely spaced together? A) Steep terrain. B) Flat terrain. C) The edge of a significant water feature. D) Uneven surface.

[GNAV-PT04 #10] How is layer tinting used to define elevation on a chart? A) Different colours indicate ranges of elevation, between defined limits. B) Different colours indicate specific steepness of elevation. C) Different colours indicate the change from land to water features. D) Different colours indicate points of equal elevation.

[GNAV-PT04 #11] Precise locations, marked on a chart with a small black dot, usually the summit of a hill or a small, sudden rise (or dip), too small to be illustrated with a contour line, are known as...? A) High points. B) Crests. C) Spot heights. D) Summits.

[GNAV-PT04 #12] Referring to the Jeppesen GSPRM VFR +GPS Chart ED-4, what is the height of the elevation at Kohout (N48°46’ E014°34’)? A) 2854 m amsl B) 2854 ft agl C) 2041 ft amsl D) 2854 ft amsl

[GNAV-PT04 #13] Referring to the Jeppesen GSPRM VFR +GPS Chart ED-4, what is the elevation of Salzburg Airport (N47°47’ E013°00’)? A) 1411 ft amsl B) 1181 amsl C) 2750 m amsl D) 3120 ft agl

[GNAV-PT04 #14] Referring to the Jeppesen GSPRM VFR +GPS Chart ED-4, what are the features at (N48°39’ E014°48’)? A) Spot height 3055 m amsl, lit obstacle >1000 ft agl. B) Spot height 3055 m amsl, lit obstacle <1000 ft agl. C) Spot height 3055 ft amsl, lit obstacle >1000 ft agl. D) Spot height 3055 ft amsl, lit obstacle <1000 ft agl.

[GNAV-PT04 #15] Referring to the Jeppesen GSPRM IFR Chart E(LO)2, what is the Grid MORA for Kerry aerodrome (N52°11’ W009°32’)? A) 44 000 ft amsl B) 4400 m amsl C) 4400 ft agl D) 4400 ft amsl

[GNAV-PT04 #16] Referring to the Jeppesen GSPRM Radar Vectoring Chart for Alicante, Spain (10- 1R), what is the highest elevation shown on the chart? A) 6631 m amsl B) 6000 ft amsl C) 6631 ft agl D) 6631 ft amsl

[GNAV-PT04 #17] What is the limit of distortion of scale, shapes and lines of latitude and longitude on aeronautical charts used for navigation?

[GNAV-PT04 #18] Aeronautical charts are required to be __________, which requires: A right-angled graticule. Constant scale in all directions. A) Conformal B) Constant C) Divergent D) Confirmative

[GNAV-PT04 #19] Which of the following is not a representation of scale on an aeronautical chart? A) Fraction. B) Ratio. C) Numerical relationship of coordinates. D) Relationship of distance units.

[GNAV-PT04 #20] How is scale shown on charts (select all that apply)? A) Using layer tinting, to depict areas of common scale. B) Relationship of distance units. C) Using isoscalic lines, to depict areas of common scale. D) Ratio. E) Distance rule.

[GNAV-PT04 #21] Which of the following is normally used to describe scale? A) Scale is a ratio of chart distance, in metric units, to earth distance, in imperial units. B) Scale is the ratio of earth distance to chart distance, in unequal units. C) Scale is a ratio of chart distance, always in centimetres, to earth distance, always in nautical miles. D) Scale is a ratio of chart distance to earth distance, in equal units.

[GNAV-PT04 #22] Which of the following is normally used to solve scale problems? A) 1 / Scale = Chart Distance / Earth Distance. B) Scale / 1 = Chart Distance / Earth Distance. C) 1 / Chart Distance = Earth Distance / Scale. D) 1 / Scale = Earth Distance / Chart Distance.

[GNAV-PT04 #23] Where ‘Scale’ is expressed without the numerator ‘1’, and simply in terms of the denominator of the fraction, the formula to solve scale problems can be transposed. Which of the following is NOT a transposition of that formula? A) Scale = Chart Distance x Earth Distance. B) Scale = Earth Distance ÷ Chart Distance. C) Chart Distance = Earth Distance ÷ Scale. D) Earth Distance = Scale x Chart Distance.

[GNAV-PT04 #24] A chart has a scale of 1:1 000 000. On a chart, the distance between points A and B is measured as 25 cm. What is the approximate distance between A and B? A) 135 km B) 135 nm C) 135 dm D) 135 sm

[GNAV-PT04 #25] A chart has a scale of 1:5 000 000. On a chart, the distance between points A and B is measured as 42 cm. What is the approximate distance between A and B? A) 1135 nm B) 1135 sm C) 1300 km D) 1852 km

[GNAV-PT04 #26] A chart has a scale of 1:500 000. On a chart, the distance between points A and B is measured as 38 cm. What is the approximate distance between A and B? A) 190 sm B) 190 nm C) 102 km D) 103 nm

[GNAV-PT04 #27] What is the approximate scale of a chart where a line 15 cm long represents an earth distance of 28 nm? A) 1:345 000 B) 1:3450 C) 1:34 500 D) 1:3 450 000

[GNAV-PT04 #28] What is the approximate scale of a chart where a line 420 mm long represents an earth distance of 539 nm? A) 1:2 375 000 B) 1:237 500 C) 1:23 750 000 D) 1:23 750

[GNAV-PT04 #29] A chart has a scale of 1:1 000 000. The distance between positions A and B is known to be 225 nm. What is the approximate length of a line drawn on the chart between A and B? A) 41.7 cm B) 4.2 m C) 41.7 mm D) 416.7 cm

[GNAV-PT04 #30] A rhumb line, 35 cm long, is drawn on a chart between N60° W030° and N60° W040°. What is the approximate scale of the chart? A) 1: 6 000 000 B) 1: 1 585 000 C) 1: 26 500 D) 1: 5 880 000

[GNAV-PT04 #31] A line, 22 cm long, is drawn on a chart between S35° E120° and S38° E120°. What is the approximate scale of the chart? A) 1: 900 000 B) 1: 750 000 C) 1: 6 000 000 D) 1: 1 500 000

[GNAV-PT04 #32] A line, 29.5 cm long, is drawn on a chart between N72° E019° and N77° W161°. What is the approximate scale of the chart? A) 1: 56 000 000 B) 1: 900 000 C) 1: 3 125 000 D) 1: 11 675 000

[GNAV-PT04 #33] A line, 78 mm long, is drawn on a chart between S30° E120° and S30° E128°. What is the approximate scale of the chart? A) 1: 11 400 000 B) 1: 6 600 000 C) 1: 9 850 000 D) 1: 6 000 000

[GNAV-PT04 #34] What type of projection is a Direct Mercator chart? A) Azimuthal. B) Conical. C) Cylindrical. D) Stereographic.

[GNAV-PT04 #35] What is the origin on a Direct Mercator chart? A) The average of the standard parallels. B) The Equator. C) It is equal to the standard parallel. D) The pole of the hemisphere being covered by the chart.

[GNAV-PT04 #36] Which point on the surface of the Earth can never be projected onto a Direct Mercator chart? A) The parallel of origin. B) The poles. C) The standard parallels. D) The Equator.

[GNAV-PT04 #37] Scale is defined on a Direct Mercator chart at the ________. A) Equator B) Pole C) Standard Parallels D) Vertex

[GNAV-PT04 #38] What is the approximate usable area of a Direct Mercator chart? A) 12° either side of the parallel of origin. B) The Equator to N70°. C) N20° - S20°. D) 500 nm either side of the great circle of tangency

[GNAV-PT04 #39] How are meridians of longitude represented on a Direct Mercator chart? A) As horizontal, straight, parallel, unequally spaced lines. B) As vertical, straight, converging, equidistant lines. C) As horizontal, straight, converging, equidistant lines. D) As vertical, straight, parallel, equidistant lines.

[GNAV-PT04 #40] How are parallels of latitude represented on a Direct Mercator chart? A) As horizontal, straight, parallel, unequally spaced lines. B) As vertical, straight, parallel, equidistant lines. C) As vertical, straight, parallel, unequally spaced lines. D) As horizontal, straight, parallel, equidistant lines.

[GNAV-PT04 #41] How are rhumb lines depicted on a Direct Mercator chart? A) Complex curves. B) Curved lines, convex to the nearer pole. C) Curved lines, concave to the nearer pole. D) Straight lines.

[GNAV-PT04 #42] Apart from meridians and the Equator, how are great circles depicted on a Direct Mercator chart? A) Straight lines. B) Complex curves. C) Curved lines, convex to the origin. D) Curved lines, concave to the origin.

[GNAV-PT04 #43] How is a line of position drawn on a Direct Mercator chart? A) As a straight line from the aircraft to the feature or navaid. B) As a curved line, convex to the parallel of origin, from the feature or navaid to the aircraft. C) As a straight line from the feature or navaid to the aircraft. D) As a curved line, concave to the parallel of origin, from the feature or navaid to the aircraft.

[GNAV-PT04 #44] In simple terms, how does scale vary on a Direct Mercator chart? A) Scale expands away from the Equator. B) Scale contracts away from the Equator. C) Scale expands towards the Equator. D) Scale has an absolute value and does not vary across the chart.

[GNAV-PT04 #45] In mathematical terms, how does scale vary on a Direct Mercator chart? A) Scale has an absolute value and does not vary across the chart. B) Scale expands inversely proportional to the secant of the latitude, north and south of the Equator. C) Scale expands proportional to the cosine of the latitude, north and south of the Equator. D) Scale expands proportional to the secant of the latitude, north and south of the Equator.

[GNAV-PT04 #46] The famous Swedish pop group of the 1970’s and 1980’s who will assist you in calculating scales and distances at different latitudes on a Direct Mercator chart is ________. A) BABA B) BBAA C) ABBA D) AABB

[GNAV-PT04 #47] Which famous Swedish musical artists will assist you in calculating scales and distances at different latitudes on a Direct Mercator chart? A) ROXETTE B) AH HA C) ACE OF BASE D) ABBA

[GNAV-PT04 #48] How is the ABBA formula used to solve scale problems on a Direct Mercator chart? A) Scale ϕ A ÷ Cosine ϕ B = Scale ϕ B x Cosine ϕ A B) Scale ϕ A x Secant ϕ B = Scale ϕ B x Secant ϕ A C) Scale ϕ A x Cosine ϕ B = Scale ϕ B x Cosine ϕ A D) Scale ϕ A x Cosine ϕ B = Scale ϕ B ÷ Cosine ϕ A

[GNAV-PT04 #49] Given that the nominal scale of a Direct Mercator chart is defined as being 1:1 000 000, what is the scale of the chart at N60°? A) 1:2 000 000 B) 1:250 000 C) 1:500 000 D) 1:1 000 000

[GNAV-PT04 #50] Given that scale on a Direct Mercator chart is 1:1 000 000 at N60°, what is the nominal scale of the chart? A) 1:2 000 000 B) 1:1 000 000 C) 1:500 000 D) 1:250 000

[GNAV-PT04 #51] The scale on a Direct Mercator chart is 1:2 000 000 at S45°, the approximate scale of the chart at N45° is: A) 1:250 000 B) 1:1 000 000 C) 1:500 000 D) 1:2 000 000

[GNAV-PT04 #52] The scale on a Direct Mercator chart is 1:1 500 000 at S30°, the approximate scale of the chart at N60° is: A) 1:865 000 B) 1:250 000 C) 1:1 000 000 D) 1:500 000

[GNAV-PT04 #53] How is the ABBA formula used to solve distance problems on a Direct Mercator chart? A) Distance ϕ A x Secant ϕ B = Distance ϕ B x Secant ϕ A B) Distance ϕ A x Cosine ϕ B = Distance ϕ B ÷ Cosine ϕ A C) Distance ϕ A x Cosine ϕ B = Distance ϕ B x Cosine ϕ A D) Distance ϕ A ÷ Cosine ϕ B = Distance ϕ B x Cosine ϕ A

[GNAV-PT04 #54] Given that the earth distance between 2 meridians of longitude shown on a Direct Mercator chart at N20° is 160 nm, what is the approximate earth distance between the same 2 meridians at N50°? A) 103 nm B) 234 nm C) 265 nm D) 109 nm

[GNAV-PT04 #55] Given that the earth distance between two meridians of longitude shown on a Direct Mercator chart at N00° is 300 nm, what is the approximate earth distance (nm) between the same two meridians at N60°? Enter figures only, with NO units, e,g, nm, NM.

[GNAV-PT04 #56] Given that the earth distance between two meridians of longitude shown on a Direct Mercator chart at S60° is 300 nm, what is the approximate earth distance (nm) between the same two meridians at the Equator? Enter figures only, with NO units, e,g, nm, NM.

[GNAV-PT04 #57] Given that the earth distance between N45° W100° and N45° W080° on a Direct Mercator chart is 848.5 nm, what is the approximate earth distance between the same 2 meridians at N10°? A) 208 nm B) 1182 nm C) 609 nm D) 591 nm

[GNAV-PT04 #58] Given that the chart distance between S20° E170° and S20° W160° on a Direct Mercator chart is 40 cm, what is the scale of the chart at N40°? A) 1:1 065 000 B) 1:7 810 000 C) 1:6 385 000 D) 1:7 215 000

[GNAV-PT04 #59] Given that the circumference of the Earth at S08° is represented by a straight line on the chart, 145 cm long, what is the approximate scale of the chart at N15°? A) 1:26 650 000 B) 1:27 035 000 C) 1:27 320 000 D) 1:36 350 000

[GNAV-PT04 #60] Given that the circumference of the Earth at N52° is represented by a straight line on the chart, 110 cm long, what is the approximate scale of the chart at S30°? A) 1:27 035 000 B) 1:27 320 000 C) 1:31 500 000 D) 1:26 650 000

[GNAV-PT04 #61] This question is designed to test several areas of knowledge:A pilot has a Direct Mercator chart of Equatorial Africa, with a nominal scale of 1:4 000 000. A straight line, 44.5 cm long, is drawn on a bearing of 090°T from the departure aerodrome at N09°30’ W006°30’ to the destination aerodrome. Given a departure time of 13.45 UTC on 15th April 2018 and an average groundspeed of 340 kt, what is the approximate location of and ETA at the destination aerodrome? A) Nigeria - N09°30’ E003°20’ - 15.29 UTC on 15th April 2018 B) Nigeria - N09°30’ E006°30’ - 16.32 UTC on 15th April 2018 C) Chad - N09°30’ E016°30’ - 07.06 UTC on 16th April 2018 D) Nigeria - N09°30’ E009°45’ - 16.35 UTC on 15th April 2018

[GNAV-PT04 #62] The properties of a Direct Mercator projection are:(Parallel of) Origin = ________ A) Standard Meridian of Tangency B) Equator C) Great Meridian of Tangency D) Standard Parallel of Tangency

[GNAV-PT04 #63] The properties of a Direct Mercator projection are:________ of longitude = parallel, equally spaced, vertical straight lines. A) Vertices B) Parallels C) Meridians D) Tangents

[GNAV-PT04 #64] Scale expands with increasing latitude, away from the Equator, proportional to the secant (1 / cosine) of the latitude.As scale ________, the denominator of the scale fraction reduces.As scale ________, the denominator of the scale fraction increases. A) expands; expands B) contracts; expands C) contracts; contracts D) expands; contracts

[GNAV-PT04 #65] The ABBA formulae is:Scale Φ A x Cosine Φ B = ________ Φ B x ________ Φ A A) Scale; Scale B) Cosine; Scale C) Distance; Cosine D) Scale; Cosine

[GNAV-PT04 #66] The ABBA formulae is:Distance Φ A x Cosine Φ B = ________ Φ B x ________ Φ A A) Distance; Cosine B) Distance; Sine C) Cosine; Scale D) Scale; Cosine

[GNAV-PT04 #67] Great circles (apart from the Equator and meridians) = Curved lines, ________ to origin (Equator). A) concave B) parallel C) proportionate D) convex

[GNAV-PT04 #68] On a Direct Mercator chart, with the exception of meridians and the Equator, the plotting of straight lines = ________ lines. A) Rhumb B) Tangent C) Great circle D) Small circle

[GNAV-PT04 #69] Applying a ratio of __________, when presented with a scale or distance at one latitude (Φ), the ABBA formulae can be used to calculate scales and distances at any other latitudes: A) Logarithms B) Sines C) Tangents D) Cosines

[GNAV-PT04 #70] With the exception of meridians of longitude and the Equator, straight lines drawn on a Direct Mercator chart are examples of _________ lines. A) Great circle B) Rhumb C) Tangent D) Small circle

[GNAV-PT04 #71] What is the parallel of origin on a Lambert’s conformal conical chart? A) The average of the standard parallels. B) The difference between the standard parallels. C) It is equal to the standard parallel. D) The sum of the standard parallels.

[GNAV-PT04 #72] What is the formula, in simplest terms, for calculating convergency on a Lambert’s conformal conical chart? A) Convergency = Change of Longitude. B) Convergency = Change of Latitude x sine Mean Longitude. C) Convergency = Change of Longitude x sine Mean Latitude. D) Convergency = Change of Longitude x n.

[GNAV-PT04 #73] Scale is defined on a Lambert’s conformal conical chart at ...? A) The nearer pole. B) The Equator. C) The parallel of origin. D) The standard parallels.

[GNAV-PT04 #74] Scale is constant on a Lambert’s conformal conical chart ...? A) Across the whole chart. B) At the standard parallels only. C) Along a meridian of longitude. D) Along a parallel of latitude.

[GNAV-PT04 #75] Parallels of latitude are shown on a Lambert’s conformal conical chart as: A) Parallel, curved lines, convex to nearer pole. B) Parallel, curved lines, concave to nearer pole. C) Vertical straight lines, converging to nearer pole. D) Vertical straight lines, converging towards Equator.

[GNAV-PT04 #76] Meridians of longitude are shown on a Lambert’s conformal conical chart as: A) Parallel, curved lines, concave to nearer pole. B) Vertical straight lines, converging to nearer pole. C) Parallel, curved lines, convex to nearer pole. D) Vertical straight lines, converging towards Equator.

[GNAV-PT04 #77] How does scale vary on a Lambert’s conformal conical chart? A) Scale expands outside and contracts inside the standard parallels. B) Scale contracts outside and expands inside the standard parallels. C) Scale has an absolute value and does not vary across the chart. D) Scale expands outside and contracts inside the Parallel of Origin.

[GNAV-PT04 #78] What is the value of the constant of the cone for a Lambert’s conformal conical chart with standard parallels of S32° and S44°?

[GNAV-PT04 #79] The convergence factor of a northern hemisphere Lambert’s conformal conical chart is stated as being 0.79335. At which latitude is chart convergency equal to earth convergency? A) N37°30’ B) S52°30’ C) N52°30’ D) N38°25’

[GNAV-PT04 #80] The convergence factor of a southern hemisphere Lambert’s conformal conical chart is stated as being 0.57357. At which latitude is chart convergency equal to earth convergency? A) S38°00’ B) S35°00’ C) S55°00’ D) S30°30’

[GNAV-PT04 #81] The convergence factor of a southern hemisphere Lambert’s conformal conical chart is stated as being 0.66913. What are the possible standard parallels on this chart? A) S35°00’ & S49°00’ B) S39°00’ & S47°00’ C) S29°00’ & S47°00’ D) S30°00’ & S44°00’

[GNAV-PT04 #82] Referring to the Jeppesen GSPRM, IFR Chart E(HI)5, EUROPE-CANARY ISLANDS INSET, what is the constant of the cone for this chart?

[GNAV-PT04 #83] Referring to the Jeppesen GSPRM, IFR Chart E(LO)1, what is the constant of the cone for this chart?

[GNAV-PT04 #84] Which of the following statements is correct, regarding scale on a Lambert’s conformal conical chart? A) In the northern hemisphere, scale contracts with increasing latitude, away from the parallel of origin. B) In the northern hemisphere, scale expands with increasing latitude, away from the parallel of origin. C) In the northern hemisphere, scale remains constant with decreasing latitude, away from the parallel of origin. D) In the northern hemisphere, scale remains constant with increasing latitude, away from the parallel of origin.

[GNAV-PT04 #85] A straight line is drawn on a Lambert’s conformal conical chart, having standard parallels at N68° and N78°, between A (N69° W125°) and B (N72° W135°). If anything, how will the great circle followed by the aircraft differ from the straight line on the chart? A) It will follow a slight curve, concave to the pole, until it reaches the mid-point, where it will curve in the opposite direction, convex to the pole. B) It will follow the path of the straight line. C) It will follow a slight curve, away from the Equator, convex to the pole. D) It will follow a slight curve, towards the Equator, concave to the pole.

[GNAV-PT04 #86] A straight line is drawn on a Lambert’s conformal conical chart, having standard parallels at S48° and S62°, between A (S57° E013°) and B (S61° E018°). If anything, how will the great circle followed by the aircraft differ from the straight line on the chart? A) It will follow a slight curve, away from the Equator, convex to the pole. B) It will follow the path of the straight line. C) It will follow a slight curve, towards the Equator, concave to the pole. D) It will follow a slight curve, concave to the pole, until it reaches the mid-point, where it will curve in the opposite direction, convex to the pole.

[GNAV-PT04 #87] Referring to the Jeppesen GSPRM, IFR Chart E(LO)3, a straight line is drawn between CORK VOR/DME (CRK) (N51°50’ W008°30’) and BROOKMANS PARK VOR/DME (BPK) (N51°45’ W000°05’). Referring to the BRECON VOR/DME (BCN) (N51°45’ W003°15’), where will the great circle pass, relative to BCN? A) It will follow a slight curve, away from the Equator, convex to the pole, to the south of BCN B) It will follow a slight curve, towards the Equator, concave to the pole, to the south of BCN C) It will follow the path of the straight line, straight over the top of BCN D) It will follow a slight curve, away from the Equator, convex to the pole, to the north of BCN

[GNAV-PT04 #88] A straight line is drawn on a Lambert’s conformal conical chart, having standard parallels at S30° and S40°, between A (S33° E010°) and B (S37° E012°). If anything, how will the great circle followed by the aircraft differ from the straight line on the chart? A) It will follow the path of the straight line. B) It will follow a slight curve, concave to the pole, until it reaches S35°, where it will curve in the opposite direction, convex to the pole. C) It will follow a slight curve, away from the Equator, convex to the pole. D) It will follow a slight curve, towards the Equator, concave to the pole.

[GNAV-PT04 #89] A straight line, representing a great circle track, is drawn from A (N40º00’ W010º00’) to B (N50º00’ E010º30’) on a Lambert’s Conformal Conical Chart with standard parallels at N36º and N50º. Flying from A to B, the aircraft crosses A on a track bearing of 048ºT. What is the great circle track when passing B? A) 034°T B) 062°T C) 055°T D) 041°T

[GNAV-PT04 #90] A straight line, representing a great circle track, is drawn from A (S34º30’ W140º15’) to B (S42º45’ W148º45’) on a Lambert’s Conformal Conical Chart with standard parallels at S38º and S52º. Flying from A to B, the aircraft crosses A on a track bearing of 262ºT. What is the great circle track when passing B? A) 268°T B) 259°T C) 256°T D) 265°T

[GNAV-PT04 #91] A straight line, representing a great circle track, is drawn on a Lambert’s Conformal Conical Chart with standard parallels at S22º and S38º from A (S32º30’ E008º45’) to B (S32º30’ E020º45’). What is the great circle track bearing on departing A? A) 096°T B) 084°T C) 093°T D) 087°T

[GNAV-PT04 #92] A straight line, representing a great circle track, is drawn on a Lambert’s Conformal Conical Chart with standard parallels at N42° and N66° from A (N42°30’ E022°45’) to B (N47°30’ X°). The great circle track measured at A = 085°T and at B = 099°T. What is the approximate longitude of B? A) E014°00’ B) E040°00’ C) E005°30’ D) E031°30’

[GNAV-PT04 #93] The properties of a Lambert Conformal Conical Projection are: Defined by __________ x Standard Parallels (intersections of ‘internal’ secant cone with Earth surface).

[GNAV-PT04 #94] The properties of a Lambert Conformal Conical Projection are: Meridians of longitude = vertical, straight lines, converging towards nearer pole.Parallels of latitude = __________, curved lines, concave to nearer pole. A) Diverging B) Parallel C) Complex D) Converging

[GNAV-PT04 #95] The properties of a Lambert Conformal Conical Projection are: Parallels of latitude = parallel, curved lines, __________ to nearer pole. A) Convex B) Parallel C) Concave D) Diverging

[GNAV-PT04 #96] The properties of a Lambert Conformal Conical Projection are: Scale __________ north and south of Parallel of Origin. A) varies proprotionally to the secant of the latitude B) increases C) decreases D) remains constant

[GNAV-PT04 #97] The properties of a Lambert Conformal Conical Projection are:Scale is defined at the Standard Parallels, __________ outside Standard Parallels, __________ inside Standard Parallels. A) expands; contracts B) contract; expands C) contract; contracts D) expands; expands

[GNAV-PT04 #98] The properties of a Lambert Conformal Conical Projection are:Scale is __________ along a parallel of latitude. A) Decreasing B) Constant C) Increasing D) varying proprotionally to the secant of the latitude

[GNAV-PT04 #99] The properties of a Lambert Conformal Conical Projection are:Usable area = __________° north and __________° south of Parallel of Origin. A) 24; 12. B) 12; 12. C) 12; 06. D) 12; 24.

[GNAV-PT04 #100] ‘Chart Convergency’ = Difference in __________ between 2 positions on great circle track, drawn on chart. A) Bearing B) Latitude C) Longitude D) Relative Bearing

[GNAV-PT04 #101] Chart Convergency = Change of __________ x n A) Longitude B) Relative Bearing C) Latitude D) Heading

[GNAV-PT04 #102] ‘Conversion Angle’ = Difference between great circle track bearing and rhumb line track bearing at __________ of the route. A) either end B) the mid-point C) start D) end

[GNAV-PT04 #103] Conversion angle = ½ x __________. A) Change of latitude B) Conversion C) Change of longitude D) Convergency

[GNAV-PT04 #104] The cone of projection, from which a Lamberts conformal conical chart has been derived, circumscribes an angle of 285°. What is the parallel of origin of the projection (degrees and minutes only)? A) 37°40’ B) 52°34' C) 37°66’ D) 52°20’

[GNAV-PT04 #105] What is the origin of a polar stereographic chart? A) Arctic Circle B) The Equator C) The pole D) The opposite pole

[GNAV-PT04 #106] What is the formula, in simplest terms, for calculating convergency on a polar stereographic chart? A) Convergency = ½ x Change of Longitude x n. B) Convergency = Change of Latitude. C) Convergency = ½ x Change of Longitude. D) Convergency = Change of Longitude

[GNAV-PT04 #107] When proceeding along a great circle track between 2 points on the same parallel of latitude, the position nearest the pole is known as the...? A) Vortex. B) Cervix. C) Cortex. D) Vertex.

[GNAV-PT04 #108] A straight line passing through the pole is a...? A) Great circle only. B) Great circle and a rhumb line. C) Rhumb line only. D) Straight line only.

[GNAV-PT04 #109] Which of the following statements, regarding scale on a polar stereographic chart, is correct? A) Scale expands with increasing latitude, towards the pole. B) Scale contracts with decreasing latitude, away from the pole. C) Scale expands with increasing latitude, away from the pole. D) Scale expands with decreasing latitude, away from the pole.

[GNAV-PT04 #110] A straight line is drawn on a polar stereographic chart between A (N80° W025°) and B (N70° W175°). If anything, how will the great circle followed by the aircraft differ from the straight line on the chart? A) It will follow a slight curve, away from the Equator, convex to the pole. B) It will follow a slight curve, towards the Equator, concave to the pole. C) It will follow a slight curve, concave to the pole, until it reaches the mid-point, where it will curve in the opposite direction, convex to the pole. D) It will follow the path of the straight line.

[GNAV-PT04 #111] A straight line is drawn on a polar stereographic chart from A (S75° W050°) to B (S75°x°). The great circle track measured at A = 130°T and at B = 050°T. What is the longitude of B? A) E030° B) E050° C) W130° D) E010°

[GNAV-PT04 #112] The properties of a Polar Stereographic Projection are:__________, stereographic projection. A) Conical B) Conformic C) Cylindrical D) Azimuthal

[GNAV-PT04 #113] The properties of a Polar Stereographic Projection are:(Parallel of) Origin = __________. A) Equator B) Pole C) Standard Parallel D) Azimuth

[GNAV-PT04 #114] The properties of a Polar Stereographic Projection are:Meridians of longitude = __________ lines, __________ to pole. A) curved; concave B) straight; concave C) straight; converging D) curved; converging

[GNAV-PT04 #115] The properties of a Polar Stereographic Projection are:Parallels of latitude = parallel, __________ lines, __________ to nearer pole. A) curved; converging B) curved; concave C) straight; concave D) straight; converging

[GNAV-PT04 #116] The properties of a Polar Stereographic Projection are:Scale __________ with decreasing latitude, away from the pole.Scale is __________ along a parallel of latitude. A) reduces; variable B) expands; constant C) reduces; constant D) expands; variable

[GNAV-PT04 #117] The properties of a Polar Stereographic Projection are: Scale errors <1%. Usable area = __________° - __________° latitude. A) 10; 30 B) 70; 90 C) 50; 70 D) 20; 40

[GNAV-PT04 #118] Convergence Factor (n) = __________ Parallel of Origin.Pole = __________° latitude. A) sine; 180 B) sine; 90 C) cosine; 90 D) cosine; 180

[GNAV-PT04 #119] What is the constant of the cone for a Lambert conic projection whose standard parallels are at 50°N and 70°N?

[GNAV-PT04 #120] What is the initial track direction of a straight line drawn on a Polar Stereographic chart, when flying from position A (50°N, 130°E) to position B (50°N, 130°W)

[GNAV-PT04 #121] On a Mercator chart, at latitude 60°N, the distance measured between W002° and E008° is 20 cm. The scale of this chart at latitude 60°N is approximately:

[GNAV-PT04 #122] The rhumb line track from A 53° 50'N, 006° 55'E to B 53° 00'N, 015° 40'E is 099°. Calculate the final True Track along the great circle.

[GNAV-PT04 #123] An aircraft is flying from A(60°N, 060°W) to B(60°N,070°W). The true great circle track, when passing 064°W will be:

[GNAV-PT04 #124] Crossing the North Atlantic on a westbound track from position X (62°N, 020°W) to position Y (63°N, 030°W), the average true track is 282.2°. On a Lambert chart with standard parallels at 75°N and 30°N, the direction of the straight line is approximately:

[GNAV-PT04 #125] An aircraft is flying from A (24°32'N, 166°36'W) to B (32°46'N, 173°20'E).The rhumb line track is 295° (T). Determine the initial great circle track ('T):

[GNAV-PT04 #126] Given: Chart scale is 1: 1 850 000. The chart distance between two points is 4 centimetres. Earth distance is approximately:

[GNAV-PT04 #127] A straight line on a Lambert Conformal Projection chart for normal flight planning purposes:

[GNAV-PT04 #128] On a Direct Mercator chart, meridians are:

[GNAV-PT04 #129] A straight line is drawn on a polar stereographic chart from A to B (S80° W010°). The initial track measured at A = 103°T and at B = 060°T. What is the longitude of A?

[GNAV-PT04 #130] While flying on a magnetic heading of 185° M in the northern hemisphere, an aircraft measures the relative bearing of 'ONO' NDB on an RBI Relative Bearing indicator as 065° R. Given the following information, what bearing should be plotted from the beacon to the aircraft on a Lambert chart? Variation at the aircraft: 6° E Variation at the station: 4° E Chart convergence between the aircraft and the NDB: 8°

[GNAV-PT04 #131] For a Direct Mercator projection chart, the scale at 23°N is 1 : 2 761 515. What is the scale of the same chart at 56°N?

[GNAV-PT04 #132] On a Lambert conformal chart, the given scale differs from the scale at latitudes between the standard parallels. The limitation for this difference ls a maximum of:

[GNAV-PT04 #133] A Polar Stereographic chart is used for navigation. The straight line between A 75° 00'.0N, 166° 00'.0E and B 78° 00'.0N, 154° 00'.0E is drawn on this chart. The True Track angle of the Rhumb line is 317°. Calculate the direction T of the straight line in position A .

[GNAV-PT04 #134] On a Mercator chart at the latitude of 30°N, a distance of 8.3 cm on the chart equals to 40 NM on the ground. What is the same distance on the ground at a latitude of 45°N?

[GNAV-PT04 #135] Two locations A and B have the same latitude and are located on a meridian and anti-meridian. On a Lambert conical projection map, the angle between these two meridians is 156°. What is the parallel of the origin of this map?

[GNAV-PT04 #136] Which statement is correct about large/small scale maps?

[GNAV-PT04 #137] On a Lambert conformal projection the chart convergency between two positions depends on:

[GNAV-PT04 #138] Relief is usually portrayed by combinations of: 1) contour lines 2) shading 3) frequencies 4) colours 5) spot heights 6) graduated scale

[GNAV-PT04 #139] When the contour lines are closer together, the slope is:

[GNAV-PT04 #140] An aircraft is following the 45°N parallel of latitude. The track followed is a: