Clinical Features

May be asymptomatic

Localized unilateral symptoms

General symptoms: fever

Possible signs of pulmonary embolism: dyspnea, chest pain, dizziness, weakness

Typically affects deep veins of the legs, thighs, or pelvis

• More common in the left lower extremity

• May-Thurner syndrome: compression of the left iliac vein between the right iliac artery and a lumbar vertebral spur (occurs in > 20% of adults)

Swelling, feeling of tightness or heaviness

Warmth, erythema, and possibly livid discoloration

Progressive tenderness, dull pain

• Homans sign: calf pain on dorsal flexion of the foot

• Meyer sign: Compression of the calf causes pain.

• Payr sign: pain when pressure is applied over the medial part of the sole of the foot

Distention of superficial veins

Distal pulses are normal.