Philosphical Implications

Can machines be intelligent? Or conscious?

How do minds work?

Can minds work without bodies?

Is it possible for machines to act intelligently like humans?

If it is, can we say they have a mind?

What criteria can we use whether an entity is intelligent or has a mind?

What does it mean for society to have artificial intelligence?

It is the modern day version of the Turing Test

Human and computer argue about a specific topic of the computers choice

100.00$ for the first indistiguishable program

Mitsuku / Kuki won the Loebner price, as a succesor of Eliza

CAPTHAs are very difficult for computers to solve and should be defferntiate between a human and a computer

Weak AI

• build agents that act rationally and accomplish some specific goals

• but they are not universally intelligent

Strong AI

• build an agent which is universally intelligent

• AI-complete problems –> problems for which it is believed to have universal intelligence

Proposed by Newell and Simon:

“A physical symbol system has the necessary and sufficient means for intelligent action.”

A physical symbol system consists of a set of entities, which can occur in another type of entitity calles expression. It also posesses the ability to create, modify, copy and destroy symbols

PSSH is the key aspect what is meant ba strong AI

It is also annoying to many philosphers, since they don’t want to degrade human intelligence by that means

It is related to the question if we have a certain part in our brain, which is responsible for recognizing our grandmother

It is still debated whether the representations is:

• sparse –> only one or a few neurons are responsible for recognizing your grandmother

• distributed –> the activiation pattern of a large number of neurons is important

Turing’s objectives tried to argue with the most common counterarguments of the possible existince of strong AI

It is a classical thought experiment with the goal of defeating the idea of strong AI

A translator sits in a room and cannot speak Chinese, but he posesses a language book, which accurately states in which case which symbol should be used

At the end he produces a reasonable text, but he did not quite understand what he was doing

This experiment would pass the Turing Test, since the outside believes that someone in the box must speak Chinese. But actually the computer cannot speak Chinese

That heavily implies the difference betweeen true and simulated intelligence

asks how mental states and processes are related to brain states and processes

would a brain still work if it would be removed from the body and replaced by another very similiar model

In many domains they at least make the impression

Kasparov:

Is the intelligence of an action dependent on who (or what) takes it?

Turing:

Nevertheless I believe that at the end of the century the use of words and general educated opinion will have altered so much that one will be able to speak of machines thinking without expecting to be contradicted.