Describe the Lab studies.
Consider the following to evaluate for secondary causes of constipation as clinically indicated.
CBC
BMP
Blood glucose levels, HbA1c
Thyroid function tests
Serum PTH levels and ionized calcium
Serum magnesium
Describe indication for colonoscopy.
Red flags in constipation
Age > 50 years if age-appropriate colorectal cancer screening has not been performed; recent guidelines suggest starting screening at 45 years of ag
Describe advanced studies.
Anorectal function testing: to evaluate for defecatory disorders
Colon transit studies: to differentiate between normal transit constipation and slow transit constipation
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