Cardiovascular system

• Vessels: Arteries, Veins, Lympathic system

• Blood: Transport medium

• Heart: Actuator

• Conduct blood towards the heart

• Irregularly shaped

• Low pressure

• Thin walls

• Very elastic

• Low oxygen concentration in systemic circulation

• High oxygen concentration in pulmonary circulation

• Conduct blood away from the heart

• Generally round

• High pressure

• Thick walls

• Not very elastic

• High oxygen concentration in systemic circulation

• Low oxygen concentration in pulmonary circulation

• Consists of a fluid (lymph), lymphatic vessels andlymph nodes

• Drainage system for returning interstitialtissue fluid and inflammatory cells to the blood

• Lymph nodes filter and provide immunologicsurveillance of the lymph, its cells, and the foreignmatter it contains

• Transport medium for oxygen and nutrition

• Carries away carbon dioxide

• Composition

  • 55% Plasma

  • <1% buffy coat

  • 45% Enythrocytes (Red blood cells)

• Monitors heart’s electrical rythm

• Delivers impulses to restore normal heart activity

• 3 Configurations:

  • Single Chamber ICD

  • Dual chamber ICD

  • Biventricular ICD

1. plasma viscosity

2. Hematocrit

3. Red blood cells aggregation

• describes the decrease ofhematocrit - lower averageconcentration of RBCs - in asmall tube r < 500 μm (capillary)

• whole blood separates into acell-free plasma layer along thetube wall and enriched centralcore

• RBCs at the center move fasterthan the plasma at the tube wall

• Systolic pressure: Heart is contracting

• Diastolic pressure: Heart is relaxed

• Veins have elastic properties

  
  

Dimensionless quantity used tocompare pulsatile flow profiles

alpha < 2 laminar flow

2 < alpha < 10 mixture

alpha > 10 plug flow

• Predicts thickness of branches in biologicaltransport networks

• Idea: Minimizes energy needed for transport andmaintenance processes, flow energy P gets minimized