Thermodynamik
Thermodynamische Grundlagen
⇒ Energieumwandlungen bei chem. Reaktionen
Merkmale einer chem. Reaktion
Stoffumwandlung
Ein neuer Stoff mit neuen Eigenschaften entsteht
Energieumwandlung
Während der chemischen Reaktion wird entweder Energie abgegeben (z.B. in Form von Wärme oder Licht) oder aufgenommen (dabei wird Energie im System gespeichert)
Begriffe
“System” - Ausgangsstoff oder Reaktionsprodukt
“innere Energie” - die Summe aller Energieformen des Systems (Kernenergie, Energie von Bindungen, z.B. VdW, Dipol-Dipol-Kraft…)
Zustandsgrößen
Zustandsgrößen werden genutzt zur quantitativen Beschreibung stofflicher Systeme.
→ extensive
↳ ändern sich bei der Veränderung der Menge des stofflichen Systems
Masse (m)
Stoffmenge (n)
Volumen (V)
→ intensive
↳ ändern sich nicht
Dichte (ϱ)
Molare Masse (M)
Molares Volumen (Vm)
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