Synthesize proteins acc. to MRNA
Powerhouse of the cell, ADP —> ATP (usable by organelles)
(have their own DNA)
The rough ER is basis for Ribosomes synthesizing proteins. The smooth ER, lacking the Ribosomes, is concerned with the synthesis of fatty acids, steroids and membrane lipids.
What is understood as Exocytosis and Endocytosis?
M
Mitosis: Devision of the nucleus in 5 phases (Prophase, Prometaphas, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase) ~80 min
C
Cytokinesis : Devision of the two nuclei, cytoplasm, organelles and plasma membrane —> actual cell splitting
G1
Gap 1: First growth phase, high level of biosynthetic activity, production of proteins & enzymes, increaseing organelles, cell growth
S
Synthesis phase: DNA synthesis, replication of chromosomes
G2
Gap 2: Preparation for cell mitosis, double check replicated DNA for damages, regulated by tumor protein P53
CP
Chekpoint: Arrest in G1, or move forward to S
G0
Differentiation
Rank and describe: Pluripotent, Multipotent, Totipotent
What odes iPSC stand for, and where do they fit in?
Totipotent - Zygote stemm stells, will form a complete organism
Pluripotent - Embryonic stem cells, will form any cell of the body
Multipotent - Adult stem cells, will develop into the cell types in the organ they occur in
iPSC —> Induced pluripotent stem cells, fit in with 2)
Which cell sizes are common?
~10µm - 30µm
(Erythrozytes smallest with 8µm)
What are the most important mechanisms to transport molecules through the plasma membrane?
Protein channels with transport proteins
Diffusion
Endocyte/ Exocytose (Vesicle)
(Symporter/ Antiporter)
Which Cytoskeleton Element is responsible for the movement/ migration of the cell?
And which diameter does it have?
Actin
4 - 7 nm
Name four proteins, that are part of the ECM?
Collagen (Structure)
Elastin (Structure)
Fibronectin (Cell adhesion)
Laminin (Cell adhesion)
Name four hallmarks of aging?
Genome instability
Telomere shortening (was discussed in lecture, end of cromosoms that will get shorter)
Epigenetic alterations (Alterations to the cell, that are not part of the DNA sequence, mostly provided by the external environment —> the longer the life, the more alterations)
Loss of proteostasis
What is understood as Chimerism in regnerative medicine?
Chimerism in regnerative medicine is understood as the concept of inducing iPSCs (Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells) to fight the root cause of a problem. Mostly applied to chronic degenerative conditions.
Which molecules are transported via Diffusion?
Small fat soluble molecules
Which molecules are transported via Channel Proteins?
Small water soluble molecules (e.g. glucose)
How far from the nutrient source will cells be supplied?
properly
supplied ~500 µm from the nutrient source
Name the four general cell culture steps
Cell Isolation
Cell Storage
Cell Expansion
Cell Seeding
Last changeda year ago
