What are the characteristic properties of transition metals?
Variable oxidation states
Complex formation
Formation of coloured ions
Catalytic activity
What are the physical properties of transition metals?
Have high density
High mp and bp
What are the chemical properties of transition metals?
Can form complex ions
Form coloured ions
Good catalysts
Which D block elements aren’t transition metals?
Scandium and Zinc
Why aren’t scandium and zinc transition metals?
Their stable ions don’t have incomplete d sub-levels
What ion does scandium form?
Sc3+ - has an empty d sub-level
EC for Scandium
[Ar]3d1 4s1
Why isn’t scandium a transition metal?
Its stable ion doesn’t have incomplete sub shell - its EC is [Ar]3d1 4s1 so when loses 3 e-’s to form Sc3+, EC = [Ar]
Why isn’t zinc a transition metal?
Its stable ion has full d sub shell - its EC is [Ar]3d10 4s2 so when loses 2 e-’s to form Zn2+, EC = [Ar]3d10 with a full 3d sub shell
What ion does zinc form?
Zn 2+
EC of zinc
[Ar] 3d10 4s2
What ions do transition metals form?
Postive
How are the electrons lost to form the ions?
Lost from 4s before 3d
EC of Mn
[Ar] 3d5 4s2
EC of Mn 2+
[Ar] 3d5
Electron configurations:
E-’s fill the …. first
lowest energy sub levels
E-’s fill orbitals …
singularly before pairing
EC of chromium
[Ar] 3d5 4s1
EC of copper
[Ar] 3d10 4s1
How many electrons can the d sub level hold?
up to 10
Most elements in the d block are…
transition metals
What are transition metals?
Metals that can form one or more stable ions with an incomplete d sub level
What causes the chemical properties of transition metals?
Incomplete d sub shell as d block elements without incomplete d sub shell don’t show properties e.g Zn and Sc
Why do transition metals show variable oxidation states?
As the energie of the 4s and 3d sub-levels fairly similar so diff no’s of e-’s can be gained or lost using similar amounts of energy
Last changed8 months ago