Czech Society I.

• increase in population in 2022 (10.517 to 10.533 million) —> due to immigration

• compared to 2021: more marriages, lower death rate, decrease in covid crisis, dicrease in divorses (all bc of Covid crisis). in 2021 there was an increae in birth rate (higher fetility rate than in2022)

• difficult to compare with 2021/2022 bc there are exception of covid crisis

is negative for the last three years (-20 thousant in 2022)

• if you compare dead people to newborns, there are more deaths than births

• if there wasnt any immigration, Czech society would be dying —> Czech society is declining. If they want to “live” they need a fertility rate of 2

• decrease number of death , but also big decrease of newborn children atm

• decreasing birth rate also present in 2018-2020

decreased from 1.8 to 1.6 —> bis decrease

• —> increase from 2021

• decrease of divorces in 2022 compared to 2021

• average age of mother at the birth of a child remained the same - 31 years

• burths out of marriages slightly decreased compared to the last two yeas ( about 48.2 %)

• singles are increasing, married people are decreasing, big increase in divorced people

• more and more people are living on their own or only with one more people in their households

  
  

• in 2022 over 120.000 people died —> decrease of 14.1% to the yeat before (maily due to the drop in morality from covid)

• life expecrancy at birth increased by men by 2.1 to 76.1 years, for women by 1.5 years to 82 —> due to drop in morality bc of covid

• most common death causes: diseases of the circulatory system, neoplasms. —>diseases of the respiratory system returned to third place after two years of covid —> covid was the fourth most common cause of death

• most likely to have 2 children in CR

• in bigger cities, there is less place to have many children.

  
  

  
  

• data collection in 19 european countries

• Two questions for this study:

  o   Q1: “Do you yourself want to have a/another baby now?” for the respondent, and:

  o   Q2: “Couples do not always have the same feelings about the number or timing of children. Does your partner/spouse want to have a/another baby now?”

• - low birth rrate in europe: Birth rate is decreasing for all countries. Except France, all of the countries go below

• 2. We can distinguish two groups: France, Norway and Belgium vs Austria, Netherlands, Spain, Poland.

• —> If you have a lower fertility rate, you will find countries where there are more women disagreeing than men.

•       Many couples disagree on whether to have a (or another) baby.

•       Without agreement, few births take place.

•       In countries where men do little childcare work, women are more likely to be opposed to having more children.

•        The tilt toward more female disagreement is especially pronounced in countries with low total fertility rates

•       Disagreement is nearly balanced by gender in the countries with a relatively high fertility rate (France, Norway, and Belgium)

• in countries where women do most of the work in raising children, women are more likely to be opposed to having more children, and fertility is low.

in countries with a higher birth rate, men are more involved in childcare, and the question of agreement or disagreement regarding the number of offspring is evenly distributed between both sexes.

• fewer children are born, life expectancy is rising

• share of older people in population is increasing and the society is ageing

• 1/5 of the population are senior citizens over 86 years (more women than men)

• In 2025, it will be 2.34 million people, i.e. 22.3% of the total.

• In 2030, there will be 2.4 million senior citizens, almost a quarter.

• In 2050 even 3 million, i.e. nearly 30% of all persons living in CZ. 1 economically active man or woman for one man or woman retired.

• the number of persons aged 85 and over will triple by 2050 to nearly 0.5 million, i.e. to nearly 2.5 times the current level, making up around 5% of the population.

•       Change in the age structure will change the society and will add new requirements:

o   More social services

o   More health services.

o   Change in pensions system.

•       High costs of living - current average level of pension is approx. 20 thousand (the rent for flat in Prague is at the same average level)

•       Difference between men and women (lower pensions for women and longer period of living of women)

•       differece between life expectancy and “healty life years” —> A woman in CZ lives 78% of her life in good health.A man in CZ lives 82% of his life in good health.

• System was in surplus of CZK 22 bil. in 2018, in 2019 it was CZK 18.64 bil. In 2020, there was a deficit of CZK 40.55 bil.

• current predictions: the pension expends will exceed the income from the pension scheme contributions for all following years if no action is provided (The deficit will reach 4.3% of the GDP in 2050)

Current proposal: to increase age of entrance to pension according to increase of life expectancy (the same length of pension), to add more to disadvantaged people and to those who took care of children

•       High prices of property. One of the highest over the world.

•       High prices of rented houses/flats

•       Situation is worsening

•       Majority people own at least one house/flat

•       Implicit Rule: Live in yours because Renting is seen as the strategy for „losers“.

•       But affordability of living is not good.

•       Rent prices for 2+kk apartments in Prague: a total cost of CZK 20.000 per month without deposits

o   In Brno: the total rent close to CZK 16,000

o   In Pilsen: CZK 12,245

increased 5-10% in the last year

•       High rates for mortgages and strict rules

•       Current survey: for 80 % difficult to afford their own housing this year.

 •  13 gross annual Czech salaries to buy real estate in the Czech capital.

• Among European cities, Prague stands as the third-most expensive metropolis in all of Europe for housing purchases, (14.3 gross annual salaries), only Amsterdam and Bratislava are worse.

• Czechia ranks 45th out of 52 countries worldwide in a study revealing the easiest destinations for expats to start a life abroad —> not at all easy

• language barrier as the biggest issue

• One in three expats living in Czechia agree that it is difficult to live there without speaking the local language

• housing subcategory: Czechia scored 38th. Big rent prices and their increase and the high demand for housing in major cities such as Prague

• Over 60 percent of expats in Czechia report having had difficulties with local administration, compared with 39 percent globally

• positive: Czechia is ranked in seventh for "work and leisure" opportunities.

• Czechia ranks in the top 20 countries for work culture and satisfaction