The Lungs

1. Upper Respiratory Tract

• Nose/nasal cavities

• Pharynx

• Larynx (voice box)

1. Lower Respiratory Tract

• Trachea

• Bronchi (left/right)

• Bronchioles

• Alveoli

1. Diaphragm & Intercostals

   

• Two nostrils separated by cartilage and bone

• Contain hair follicles to block dust, debris 

• Secretes mucus to moisten air & trap particles (allergens/pathogens)

• Blood supply in sinuses contains high # of WBCs

• Space connecting the nasal cavity and the larynx

• Food and air cross paths here

Opening between trachea is called the glottis

• Epiglottis covers glottis during swallowing

• Top of the trachea

• Can see it externally (Adam’s apple)

• Houses the voice box (vocal cords)

Vocal cords = 2 tendons that vibrate as Exhaled air passes through them

• Big tube in our neck leading to the lungs

• Has C-shaped rings made of cartilage → Why?

• Branches off into 2 bronchi (which lead to the lungs)

• Contains cilia to brush debris up and out

• Mucus moistens the air 

• Referred to as the windpipe

• Branch off from the trachea and lead to the left and right lung

• Similar structure to the trachea

• Smaller branches of the bronchi

• No longer have cartilage (elastic fibers)

• Smaller and thinner than the bronchi

• Bronchioles end at Alveoli

• Millions of small air sacs at the end of bronchioles

• Site of gas exchange with the blood

• Covered in pulmonary capillaries

• HIGH # maximizes surface area

• What type of blood is in the pulmonary artery?

• What type of blood is in the Pulmonary vein?Millions of small air sacs at the end of bronchioles

• Dome-shaped Muscle dividing thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity (below ribs)

• Bowed up when relaxed & flattens when contracts

• Contracts and relaxes to draw air in (inhalation/inspiration) or blow air out (exhalation/expiration)

• Muscles between ribs

• Assist in breathing

1. Nostrils/nasal cavity

2. Pharynx

3. Larynx

4. Glottis

5. Trachea 

6. Bronchi 

7. Bronchioles

8. Alveoli 

9. Bloodstream

Its a membrane that protects the lung.

1. Parietal Pleura

• Connected to rib cage and diaphragm

1. Visceral Pleura

• Connected to lungs

• Pleural space is air/fluid filled space surrounding lungs

• Collapsed lung

• Chest trauma impact or a puncture wound to chest wall that pierces the pleural membrane allows air into the pleural space

• This puts pressure on the lung causing it to collapse.

Inspiration

• Muscles contract

  • Diaphragm flattens

  • Intercostals, ribs lift up and out

• Negative pressure

Expiration

• Stretch receptors max out

• Muscles relax

  • diaphragm moves up

  • intercostals, ribs down and in

• Positive pressure