glutamate =
major excitatory nt
glutamate synapse
glutamine to glutamatergic neuron
glutamine via glutaminase to glutamate
glutamate via vesicular glutamate transporter to vesicles
ap activates calcium channels, so glutamate released via calcium dependent exocytosis to synaptic cleft
glutamate in synapse to ampa nmda ionotrophic receptor channels, with metabotropic receptors mGluR on postsynaptic cell
glutamate via transporter terminating synaptic transmission to neighboring glial cells
glutamate via glutamine synthetase to glutamine in glial cells
glutamine transported back to glutamatergic axon terminal
glutamine to glutamate
glutaminase in glutamatergic neuron
glutamate transport to vesicles
vesicular glutamate transporter
glutamate release into synaptic cleft
via calcium dependent exocytosis
via ap activating calcium channels
glutamate does what in synapse
interact with ampa r and nmda r
metabotrophic receptors mGluR on postsynaptic cell
mGluR
metabotrophic receptors for glutamate on postsynaptic cell, ampa r, nmda r
glutamate to glutamine
via glutamine synthetase
in glial cells
termination of synaptic transmission of glutamate
transporter of glutamate to neighboring glial cells, astrocytes
glial cells
astrocytes
nmda r
agonist is glutamate
coagonist is glycine or d-serine, needed for activation
permeable to calcium and sodium
phencyclidine PCP and ketamine = noncompetitive antagonists for this receptor
agonist for nmda r
glutamate
coagonist for nmda
glycine or d serine, needed for activation
nmda r permeable to
calcium and sodium
pcp (phencyclidine), ketamine
noncompetitive antagonists of NMDA r
glutamate roles
synaptic plasticity
memory, learning
excitotoxicity (too much calcium)
role in pathology of epilepsy, PD, schizophrenia
role in ischemic brain damage (stroke), ALS
gaba
major inhibitory nt
gaba synthesis
synthesized from glutamate in gaba shunt
glutamate via glutamic acid decarboxylase GAD to GABA
krebs alpha ketoglutarate via GABA T (transaminase) to glutamate
succinic semi aldehyde via GABA T to gaba
positive allosteric modulators PAMs
enhance GABA A
BZD
barbiturates
general and inhaled anesthetics
alcohols
GABA A
ligand gated CL ion channels
increases chloride conductance
GABA B
GPCR , coupled gi go
increase potassium conductance
inhibits calcium channels
example of agonist is baclofen
Last changed9 months ago