What is a chromatin?
Uncoiled genetic material containing DNA and proteins.
What is chromatid?
Half of a chromosome. Chromosomes are said to be made up of two linked sister chromatids.
What is a Chromosome?
Coiled up version of genetic material containing DNA and proteins. Rod or X shaped.
What is a Centromere?
The centre point of a chromosome where the sister chromatids join.
What is a histone?
The protein portion of the chromatin/chromosome.
What are homologus chromosomes?
Identical pairs of chromosomes in the same cell.
What means diploid?
A cell that has homologous chromosome pairs in it. Notated as 2N.
What means haploid?
A sex cell that only has one of each chromosome. No homologous pairs. Notated as 1N.
Examples of this would be sperm or egg cells.
What are the three periods of interphase?
G1 Period
During the G1 period, a cell shows a lot of growth. It doubles in size and doubles the number of many organelles inside of it. (Which ones would double?)
S Period
During the S period, the cell is making more DNA. Replicates existing DNA to result in sister chromatids.
G2 period
G2 is another period of major growth. The cell is making sure to build everything it needs (ex. enzymes) to successfully pull off cell division in the mitosis phase.
What hapens in the prophase?
The chromatin starts to coil up to form chromosomes.
The nucleolus and nuclear membrane are broken down and disappear in the cell.
Centrioles are formed and migrate to opposite ends of the cell.
Spindle fibers (made from microtubules) are formed and extend out from the centrioles. They can go from centriole to centriole or centriole to centromere.
What hapens in the metaphase?
all of the chromosomes are lined up in the centre of the cell
What hapens in the Anaphase?
Anaphase is when the sister chromatids finally break apart. Once separated, each chromatid moves in opposite directions towards the centrioles at the poles of the cell.
What hapens during the Telophase?
Chromatids are grouped together at either end of the cell now.
The centrioles and spindle fibers are broken down and disappear.
The chromatids unwind resulting in a large mess of chromatin now.
A nuclear membrane forms around the chromatin.
A nucleolus appears on the newly formed nucleus.
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