Shot detection
A surface detection technique to verify that perforating guns have fired by detect the vibration or hydraulic shock at surface.
TCP is abbreviation of?
Tubing-conveyed perforating
Abbreviation for tubing-conveyed perforating, the use of tubing, drillpipe or coiled tubing to convey perforating guns to the required depth.
TCP
A special perforating gun, or charge, that is designed for limited penetration to allow an inner tubing or casing string to be perforated without damaging a surrounding outer string.
Tubing puncher
A perforating gun assembly designed to run through the restricted clearance of production tubing, then operate effectively within the larger diameter of the casing or liner below.
Through-tubing guns
Trough-tubing guns
The reduction in permeability in the near-wellbore area resulting from mechanical factors such as the displacement of debris that plugs the perforations or formation matrix.
Mechanical skin
A surface detection system used to ensure that all tubing-conveyed perforating guns have fired, from the top shot to the bottom shot.
Last-shot detection
The use of shaped explosive charges to create perforation tunnels.
Jet perforating
A column of high-pressure nitrogen typically applied to a tubing string in preparation for drillstem testing or perforating operations in which the reservoir formation is to be opened to the tubing string.
Nitrogen cushion
The section of wellbore that has been prepared for production by creating channels between the reservoir formation and the wellbore. In many cases, long reservoir sections will be perforated in several intervals, with short sections of unperforated casing between each interval to enable isolation devices, like packers, to be set for subsequent treatments or remedial operations.
Perforated interval
To create holes in the liner or casing under conditions in which the hydrostatic pressure inside the casing or liner is less than the reservoir pressure. When the perforation is made, there will be a tendency for the reservoir fluid to flow into the wellbore.
Perforate underbalanced
To create holes in the liner or casing under conditions in which the hydrostatic pressure inside the casing or liner is greater than the reservoir pressure. When the perforation is made, there will be a tendency for the wellbore fluid to flow into the reservoir formation.
Perforate overbalanced
A wellbore tubular in which slots or holes have been made before the string is assembled and run into the wellbore.
Perforate liner
Perforate linear
The calculated flow area provided by perforations across a specific zone of interest.
Area open to flow
A technique in which several perforating guns are run on a single trip into the well, and then all
are fired simultaneously.
Bank firing
A perforating charge designed to create perforations with a large-diameter entrance hole.
Big hole charge
A section of heavy walled tubing that is placed across any perforated interval through which the
production tubing must pass,
Blast joint
A small metal tube containing secondary high explosive that is crimped onto the end of the detonating cord.
Booster
A downhole tool that is located and set to isolate the lower part of the wellbore.
Bridge plug
An early perforating method that used a hardened steel bullet or projectile, propelled by an explosive charge, to create a perforation tunnel.
Bullet perforating
An exposed gun system used primarily in wireline operations.
Capsule gun
Carrier gun
A perforating gun, consisting of a loading tube and shaped charges.
A downhole tool used to confirm or correlate treatment depth using known reference points on the casing string.
Casing Collar Locator (CCL)
CCL
A log provided by a casing collar locator tool that generally incorporates a gamma ray log to correlate the relative position of casing string features
Casing collar log
A perforating gun assembly designed to be used in a wellbore before the production tubulars or completion equipment have been installed
Casing gun
A perforating gun assembly designed to be used in a wellbore before the production tubulars or completion equipment have been installed,
A downhole tool run on wireline to sever tubing at a predetermined point when the tubing string becomes stuck.
Chemical cutter
The rubblized or damaged zone surrounding a perforation tunnel where the action of the perforating charge or bullet has altered the formation structure and permeability.
Crushed zone
The area surrounding the wellbore that has been harmed by the drilling process, generally as a result of mud or cement-filtrate invasion.
Damaged zone
A perforating charge designed to provide a long perforation tunnel
Deep penetrating charge
To set off an explosive material.
Detonate
A cord containing high-explosive material sheathed in a flexible outer case, which is used to connect the detonator to the main high explosive.
Detonating cord
A device containing primary high-explosive material that is used to initiate an explosive sequence.
Detonator
Dropoff gun
A perforating gun assembly designed to be detached from the tubing or running string after firing.
A ball that is dropped or pumped through the wellbore tubulars to activate a downhole tool or device.
Drop ball
A heavy steel bar that is dropped through the tubing or running string to fire the percussion detonator on a tubing-conveyed perforating (TCP) gun assembly.
Drop bar
A device, shaped like a short length of pipe, which is used to drop TCP guns in the rathole or sump.
Drop sub
A safety device used when running and retrieving tools or drill collars with a flush external surface that may easily pass through the rotary table slips.
Dog collar
A value that reflects the number of perforations per unit of length (usually feet) that are producing, or injecting, efficiently.
Effective shot density
The hole created in the internal surface of the casing or liner by the perforating charge or bullet.
Entrance hole
A perforating gun assembly that disintegrates upon firing, thereby reducing the volume and dimensions of retrieved components.
Expendable gun
A mechanical or electronic device used to detonate perforating charges conveyed by tubing, drillpipe, coiled tubing or slickline.
Firing head
Fill sub
A pipe-shaped housing that protects the firing head of a tubing-conveyed perforating gun.
A specialized perforating-gun system that contains shaped charges loaded at 0°, 60°, 120°, or 180° phase angles to provide a casing entrance hole of approximately 0.5 in. [1.3 cm], which is intended to be large enough for hydraulic fracturing operations.
Frac gun
A device used to perforate oil and gas wells in preparation for production.
Gun
The distance between the external surface of the gun assembly and the internal surface of the casing or liner.
Gun clearance
The point on a gun assembly or perforating string that is used when correlating depth.
Gun zero
A perforating-gun system containing big-hole or gravel-pack charges. A gravel-pack gun usually has a large outside diameter to minimize standoff between the gun and casing. It is loaded to achieve a high shot density while producing large holes in the casing.
Gravel-pack gun
A perforating gun having more than four shots per foot.
High shot density gun
Chemical explosive material having an extremely high reaction rate that creates very high combustion pressures, unlike low explosives that have a much lower reaction rate and are commonly used as propellants.
High explosive
A perforating gun, consisting of a loading tube and shaped charges. The shaped charges are housed inside a metal tube or pipe known as a carrier. The carrier protects the charges against well fluids.
Hollow carrier gun
An acid treatment placed in the wellbore over the interval to be perforated. Because of the overbalance conditions at the time of perforating, the perforating acid is forced into the newly formed perforation tunnel to stimulate the crushed zone.
Perforating acid
A specially prepared fluid placed in the wellbore over the interval to be perforated. The ideal fluid is clean and solids-free (filtered), and will not react to cause damaging by-products on contact with the reservoir formation. Perforating in a dirty fluid may result in significant permeability damage that is difficult to treat and remove.
Perforating fluid
An explosive device that utilizes a cavity-effect explosive reaction to generate a high-pressure, high-velocity jet that creates a perforation tunnel.
Perforating charge
A wireline log run to provide a means of depth correlation by comparing the position of casing collars to the reference log (gamma ray log). A short casing joint generally is run near the area to be perforated to assist in the correlation process.
Perforating depth control log
A device used to perforate oil and gas wells in preparation for production. Containing several shaped explosive charges, perforating guns are available in a range of sizes and configurations. The diameter of the gun used is typically determined by the presence of wellbore restrictions or limitations imposed by the surface equipment.
Perforating gun
The communication tunnel created from the casing or liner into the reservoir formation, through which oil or gas is produced. The most common method uses jet perforating guns equipped with shaped explosive charges. However, other perforating methods include bullet perforating, abrasive jetting or high-pressure fluid jetting.
Perforation
The number of perforations per linear foot. This term is used to describe the configuration of perforating guns or the placement of perforations, and is often abbreviated to spf (shots per foot). An example would be an 8 spf casing gun.
Perforation density
The radial distribution of successive perforating charges around the gun axis. Perforating gun assemblies are commonly available in 0°, 180°, 120°, 90°, and 60° phasing.
Perforation phasing
A measure, or indicator, of the length that a useable perforation tunnel extends beyond the casing or liner into the reservoir formation.
Perforation penetration
To create holes in the casing or liner to achieve efficient communication between the reservoir and the wellbore.
Perforate
Primer cord
A short piece of brass or steel that is used to retain sliding components in a fixed position until sufficient force is applied to break the pin. Once the pin is sheared, the components can then move to operate or function the tool.
Shear pin
Strip gun
An exposed gun system used primarily in wireline operations. This gun system has shaped charges that are housed in individual pressure-tight capsules mounted on a metal strip, which is lowered into the well. Each pressure-tight capsule, along with the entire string, is thus exposed to well fluids.
Shaped charge
To perforate a wellbore in preparation for production.
Shot a well
A technique used to fire individual perforating guns when multiple guns have been run together in a single trip into the well. Selective firing is used to improve operational efficiency when several intervals are to be perforated.
Selective perforating
Safety spacer
A blank gun section or spacer installed between the top perforating-gun assembly and firing head in a TCP operation.
Scallop gun
A perforating gun with a recess profile in the perforating gun body adjacent to the shaped charge.
The technique of selectively firing successive perforating guns arranged in a multiple gun assembly. This method is used when several intervals are to be perforated in one run and when the gun assembly must be relocated before the guns are fired. The resulting perforation pattern is known as selective perforating.
Selective firing
The space between the shaped charge and the internal surface of the perforating gun body. The standoff is generally sufficient to allow the shaped charge jet to form before exiting the gun body.
Standoff
The geometric profile around a correctly placed perforation. With the removal of perforating debris and the crushed zone by flushing or stimulation treatment, the exposed formation forms an arch that is capable of withstanding the differential pressure and the forces created by fluid flow during production.
Stable arch
A procedure imposed during perforating operations in which radios at or near the wellsite are switched off to prevent accidental detonation of perforating guns.
Radio silence
Electric detonators used in wireline and electronic firing-head perforating operations, which are immune to radio interference and thus cannot be accidentally triggered by radio transmissions.
Radio-safe detonator
A perforating gun designed to be retrieved from the wellbore after firing. Retrievable guns are generally configured for minimal debris and distortion of the gun body to help ensure easy retrieval.
Retrievable gun
Last changeda year ago