Biceps Brachii
· Origin:
Long head - supraglenoid tubercle of scapula;
o Short head - coracoid process of scapula.
· Insertion: Radial tuberosity.
· Main Artery: Brachial artery.
· Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6, C7).
· Main Movement: Flexion of the forearm at the elbow joint and supination of the forearm.
o Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula.
o Lateral head: posterior surface of the humerus, superior to the radial groove.
o Medial head: posterior surface of the humerus, inferior to the radial groove.
· Insertion: Olecranon process of the ulna.
· Main Artery: Deep brachial artery.
· Innervation: Radial nerve (C6, C7, C8).
Main Movement: Extension of the forearm at the elbow joint
Flexor Digitorum
· Origin: Humeroulnar head: medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna; Radial head: superior half of anterior border of the radius.
· Insertion: Middle phalanges of the four fingers (not the thumb).
· Main Artery: Ulnar and radial arteries.
· Innervation: Median nerve (C7, C8, T1).
Main Movement:Flexion of the proximal interphalangeal joints of the four fingers.
· Origin: Lateral epicondyle of the humerus.
· Insertion: Extensor expansion of medial four fingers (index to little finger).
· Main Artery: Posterior interosseous artery.
· Innervation: Posterior interosseous nerve, a branch of the radial nerve (C7, C8).
Main Movement:Extension of the medial four fingers at the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints.
Rectus Femoris:
· Origin: Anterior inferior iliac spine and the superior margin of the acetabulum.
· Insertion: Tibial tuberosity through the patellar ligament.
· Main Artery: Lateral circumflex femoral artery.
· Innervation: Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4).
· Main Movement: Extension of the knee; flexion of the hip.
Vastus Lateralis:
· Origin: Greater trochanter, intertrochanteric line, and linea aspera of the femur.
· Main Movement: Extension of the knee.
Vastus Medialis:
· Origin: Intertrochanteric line and linea aspera of the femur.
· Main Artery: Femoral artery.
Vastus Intermedius:
· Origin: Anterior and lateral surfaces of the femur.
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