Brain

Planes

Positions

20%

Cell body =soma

Soma surrounded by dendrites

Axon surround by glial cells (in CNS) and schwann cells (in PNS)

Axon mylenated for insulation to prevent short circuit

V1

Aka striated cortex or area 17

Posterior pole of occipital lobe

Calcarine fissure

Connections to HPL (area 18, V2) and area 19 V3

1. Midbrain

2. Pons

3. Medulla oblongata

2 pairs of nuclei at back of midbrain

Superior- input from ret& saccadic eye mvt

Inferior- auditory Pathway

2 hemispheres

3 lobes: anterior, posterior, flocculonodular

Thinner cortex than cerebrum

Grey matter

Posture, coorod, motor mvt, balance, speech

Hind brain

Emotion, behaviour, learning, long term mem

Sense of smell (olfaction) - cranial nerve 1

1. Lat ventricle

2. Interventricular foramina

3. 3rd ventricle

4. Cerebral aqueduct

5. 4th ventricle

6. Central canal (in spinal cord)

Provides nutrients

maintain constant pressure

Protects neural tissues from toxins and pathogens

3 layers of tissue which wrap brain and spinal cord

Prevents unwanted sub entry to brain (bld brain barrier)

Dura

Arachnoid

Pia

Meningitis =inflammation of meninges- causes raises ICP

ICA + Basilar vertebral artery form Circle of Willis

3 pairs of cerebral art exit circle to supply brain

Grey matter

Connected to other nuclei via tracts (axons/white matter)

Cranial nerve nuclei start or end of cranial nerve

1. Olfactory

2. Optic

3. Oculomotor

4. Trochlear

5. Trigeminal

6. Abducens

7. Facial

8. Vestibulocochlear

9. Glossopharyngeal

10. Vagus

11. Spinal accessory

12. Hypoglossal

CNS- Brain +spinal cord. Controls vision processing

PNS - nerves that have left spinal cord

Motor-efferent ( away from brain)

Relay

Sensory-afferent (to brain)

Stimulus received

If stimulus greater than threshold potential, action potential generated

Neurotransmitters released

Diffuse across synapse

Brind to receptors on post synaptic neuron

Inputs

Touch, pain, temp

Sight

Smell

Hearing

Taste

Proprioception(location)

Vestibulation ( balance)

Outputs

Voluntary ( somatic)- skeletal msc

Involuntary (autonomic)- msc glands

PNS- rest and digest

Pupils constrict

Salvia stimulated

Slow heartbeat

Airway constricted

Glucose not released

Contract bladder

SNS- fight or flight

Opposite of PNS

R and L hemisphere

Linked by corpus callosum- only white matter

Convoluted surface- increase SA

Fissures, Sulcus (infold ) or Gyrus (outfold)

Cortex = surface = grey matter (neurone cell bodies)

Interior= white matter (axons)

Frontal: emotions, higher functions, somatic NS

Parietal: mvt, temp, taste, touch, motor autonomic NS

Temporal: hearing, language, hvp

Occipital: vision