british empire

Fleet-war

Colonies in North America

English Civil war

War against France & India

North America becomes independent

Almost all of west Africa belongs to GB

Highlight of British Empire

World War 1

India becomes independent

African colonies become independent

Britain joins the EU

The Uk leaves the EU

Connection to many traditions

reforms in the royal family -> marriage with a middle class women

Succession to the throne, regardless of gender

Still a lot of interest - e.g. series the crown

many scandals -> proncess Diana

A lot of taxes -> sovereign Grant (86,3 million pounds)

No direct representation of democracy-> hereditary order

No transparency

Inborn

Acquired

23 June 2016, 51,9% voted in favor of leaving the EU

Negotions on terms of withdrawal -> trade, border controls, civil rights, financial obligations …

Final withdrawal 21 January 2020

Transition took place (till dec 2020) during which relations between the EU & the UK were maintained

24 dec 2020 trade agreement was signed for future business relations

Northern Ireland protocol-> regulates relationship between northern ireland and Ireland

No free movement between EU & UK

Permits needed for living in the UK (as a European)

New border & trade rules

Slowed economy -> buisnesses moved their headquarters to other countries

Employee shortage-> EU workers left

Worse living conditions

Conservative

Labour

Stron nationalism

law & order

Private enterprise

Minimal interference of the state in the economy

state control & planning

nationalization of key industries

welfare

affiliation to the trade unions

UK -> constitutional monarchy (without a written constitution)

Legislature / Executive / Judiciary (not as specific as in Germany)

2 types of kaw : statute law: written form of rules and laws (parliamentary), common law (case law): historic body of conventions

Division: parliament & government

passes laws

watches the government policy & administration

debates major issues of the day

House of commons

House of lords

The queen/ king

First chamber; lower house; democratically elected house

650 members represent interest & concerns of the public (elected body)

Legislature of the UK

Consists for 5 years

MPs propose new laws or ask about current issues

Second chamber; upper house

Checks/ shapes laws that were passed by the lower house

Consists of hereditary peers & life peers

Consists for 5 years

Political power has been reduced over the years

Can be compared to the “German Bundesrat” or the “United States Senat”

Formal part of the government; no actual power

Positions are: symbol of nation unity/ head of state or “supreme governor” of the church of England

Exemplary tasks: appointing the prime minister

Representation of the country

She/ he can summon & dissolve Parliament

Strong belief in their country

Social etiquette

Regional identities

Importance of the monarchy & traditions

Language & literature

Richness of historical heritage

Multicultural britain -British empire as a clear reason for multiculturalism- movement against multiculturalism (feeling of britishness and fear of it’s loss)