Inattentional blindness in Gorilla exp
people throwing around basketball
attention on basketball —> do not see gorilla
when attention is on one event, we are blind to other big changes
inattentional blindness different experiment
task: report longer arm of cross
if an object was inserted near the cross on the 3rd or 4th trial: people could not name the object near the cross
attention
as filter
as an attenuator
as limited resource
—> decides what passes the bottleneck —> serves as gatekeeper to awareness
Factors for inattentional blindness
distraction through demanding primary task
target object is not task relevant
target appearance is unexpected
target location is previously unknown (attentional guidance would be required to detect it)
several competing/distracting objects are displayed
visual search
everyday task
there are usually distractors
restricted amount of attention is available —> is guided by prior knowledge
non-selective pathway guides selective pathway and saves about 80% of time
lets you limit your search space
orientation through features, colors
two types of guidance by non-selective pathway
semantic guidance —> knowing what objects should be in this scene -> (ventral)
syntactic guidance —> where should objects be (dorsal)
real-world visual search task
ecological validity is important in these studies! for applied visual search
radiology expertise
expertise in primary task reduces inattentional blindness
—> search tasks require less attentional resources compared to novices
—> but effects are small
—> Inattentional blindness benefits from unexpected visual appearance —> recognition errors
Drew et al 2023
24 radiologists 25 controls
3 min to detect lung nodules in 5 chest CTs
eye movements tracked
gorilla in one scan
black gorilla, but target white
big gorilla, but target small
83% of radiologists miss gorilla but less vulnerable to inattentional blindness than novices
no difference in eye movements —> attention interpretation correct
attentional blink
in rapid serial visual presentation
many objects in short period of time (ca. 100ms)
two targets hidden
varied stimulus onset asynchrony
if target no. 2 too close to 1st —> attention already dedicated
interference from initial target t1
MAX Effect with stimulus onset asynchrony of 200-400 ms
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