predictive inference in the Brain
feedback: top down, expectation
feedforward: bottom up
feedback - feedforward = prediction error
Predictive processing framework
feedforward and feedback denote direction in which information flows
prediction = information that flows in feedback direction
prediction error = information that flows in feedforward direction
prediction error
computed as difference between feedback and feedforward
feedback - feedforward
core assumptions predictive processing
prior meets evidence
model fine tuning with precision weighting
hierarchical structure and functionally distinct units for prediction & prediction error
early learning in infants & predictive processing
statistical learning
associative learning —> conditioned tone-eyeblink response with airpuff
habituation to repeated stimuli
dishabituation to novel stimuli
violation of expectation effects
they are sensitive to regularities and highyl motivated to explore -> seek to form predictive models to reduce uncertainties
ingredients of predictive processing that need development
sensorimotor and cognitive capacities
sophisticated internal models of the environment
predominance local connections and slow development of long-range interactions
start of predictive processing
option a) with feedforward -> precursor to feedback mechanisms
option b) fundamental feedback architecture as scaffolg for development of efficient internal models
study Emberson, Richard, Aslin predictive processing
36 6-month olds
fnirs
unexpected visual omission
control condition a+ v-
a+v+ —> v+
activation in temporal roi and occipital roi
results study emberson richards and aslin
already in 6 month olds —> more oxygenated hemoglobin in temporal and occipital lobe than in control condition
potentially not long-range connections yet but through associative learning (basal ganglia)
Last changed2 months ago