what is hard power?
the use of coercive tactics, such as military force or economic sanctions, to influence the behavior of other actors in international relations
what are 4 examples of hard power?
military intervention
military alliances
military aid
use of force
what is soft power?
the ability to influence others through attraction and persuasion rather than force, often through culture, values, and diplomacy
what is sovereignity?
the authority of a state to govern itself and make decisions without external interference
What is hegemony?
the dominance of one state or group over others, often established through a combination of hard and soft power
What is offensive realism?
the theory that states are inherently aggressive and seek to maximize their power to achieve security and dominance
What is the difference between a state and a nation?
A state is a political entity with defined territory, a permanent population, and a government, while a nation is a group of people who share common cultural elements, such as language, ethnicity, and history
what are 2 examples of a state and 2 of a nation?
state
France
Britain
nation
The Kurds
The Armanians
What is Just War Theory?
a philosophical framework that seeks to determine when it is justifiable to go to war (jus ad bellum) and how to conduct warfare ethically (jus in bello)
What is Jus ad Bellum? (what it includes)
the criteria that must be met for a war to be justified before engaging in armed conflict, like a just cause, legitimate authority, and the intention to restore peace
What is Jus in Bello? (what it includes)
the rules for how soldiers should behave during war, meaning they fight fairly, don't target innocent people, and only use as much force as needed
What is the difference between positive and negative peace?
Negative peace is the absence of direct violence or conflict, while positive peace involves justice, equality, and making an effort to coexist peacefully
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