Understanding Contracts 6A

The marks that people use to divide writing into different sections. Examples of … are commas and full stops

The way in which a sentence is organised

The order of something is what comes first, second, third, etc. In different languages the verb, noun and adjective may be in a different order in a sentence

A word that has the same meaning or almost the same meaning as another word. For example, 'small' and 'little' are … in English.

A sentence that uses the … is a sentence that has as its subject the person or thing to which an action is done. An example of the … is 'the contract was signed by the client'. In the active you would say 'the client signed the contract'.

If something happens

An area of land

Ended

Have the right to something

Immediately

Payment for something that is lost or damaged

Amount or leve

The method or way of doing something

In the event of the death of the Supplier the rights and obligations under this Agreement shall be terminated forthwith

In the event that any property of the Contractor is lost or damaged in the course of transportation then the Contractor shall be entitled to compensation from the Company.

The Company shall allow the Distributor to have full and complete control over the manner and the extent of the exploitation and advertisement of the Product in the Territory.

A person or company that provides a particular product or service

A legal entitlement to do or to have something

A person's possessions or general things that they own. … is different from real property, which means land

A person or company that makes a legal agreement to provide goods or services to another person or company

A person or a company that supplies goods in a particular area, often to shops, on behalf of another person or company

A legal duty to do or not to do something

Soon

Until

Now

By

If

Because

While as much time as

At least

…  this contract is in effect the parties agree to the following terms

… the party in breach must provide a remedy within seven days

This contract will continue … one of the parties terminates it by giving four weeks' notice in writing

… there was fire at the premises of Forum Marketing Ltd we cannot hold our meeting there next week

The meeting cannot take place on Wednesday but it is important that we have it …

We cannot consider employing any more people …, as we do not have enough work for them

Due to some very hard work … employees the new business was very profitable in its first year of trading

A party who wishes to terminate this contract must give … four weeks' notice in writing

In operation or in force. Valid.

To happen, to occur.

Operating as a business

Warning that something is going to happen in the future.

A solution for a breach of contract to make sure that the innocent party does not suffer from the breach.

… means despite or in spite of something. For example, 'The new law concerning the protection of the environment will come into force next year, … a huge amount of opposition to it from industry'.

… means that what you are saying in the rest of your sentence is true only in a limited way or to a certain extent. For example, 'Caroline is a good lawyer … she usually gets a good result in court. However, she is not very good at keeping up to date with important work'.

Some good has come from my uncle's death … he left a lot of money to a children's charity in his will.

I agree to sign this contract … the fact that I have some doubts about your ability to deliver the goods to me on the due date.

She was employed by one of the top law firms in London … her lack of experience.

The judge in the Court of Appeal held that the court of first instance made a mistake … inadmissible evidence was taken into consideration.

To begin to have legal effect.

Strong disagreement to something.

One of the most successful and well-known law firms.

Only a little experience of something.

Evidence that for some reason cannot be presented in court.

Before

Depending on

Involved in, doing

Including

Named, called, mentioned

Is the price of the goods ... tax?

In this contract we will define you as 'the Company' in the defined terms section and that is how you will be … every time you are mentioned later in the document.

He worked in an office for many years but now he is … running his own business in London

You haven't always worked here. What did you do … working for this law firm?

This holiday is offered at the price stated in our advertisement … availability. We have a limited number of places available.

To say exactly what a word means.

The section of a contract where the parties agree exactly what particular words mean when those words appear in the contract.

Operating.

How many/much of a product that a company has that it can sell.

Amount (of money

Not working properly, faulty

A list of goods or services that you have received, showing how much you have to pay for them

A person or company who sells goods to the public

A shop or company through which goods are sold

Make or produce goods to sell

He is a very successful businessman. He has a chain of more than 20 shops in cities and towns all over the south of England, including a large … in London.

 Have you received our … ? It states that you must pay for the goods within 28 days of delivery

We will have to return the computer to you because it is …  It looked fine in the box but when we installed it, it wouldn't work properly.

Mary is renting a factory unit on an industrial park. She has a new business that involves the … of products for beauty salons.

£20,000 is a very large … to invest in a new business. I think you need to get legal advice before you decide to go ahead

That supermarket chain is the biggest food … in the United States.

To put money into a business or put it into a bank account in order to make a profit.

Continue.

To put a machine in the place that you want to use it and connect it to a power supply so that it is ready to use.

A word meaning to end something, especially something such as a contract.

A word that has the same meaning as duration. Lawyers use it to talk about the period for which a contract is valid.

Two words that mean to warn someone that something is about to happen. Often it means to warn someone that a contract is about to end.

A very formal word meaning the ending of something.

A noun that means obtaining or getting something.

A formal word that means an accumulated total.

A formal word that means to promise to do something.

A word that means to suffer something or to place yourself in a bad situation by your own actions with the result that you receive a punishment.

This offer will come to an end at the … of four weeks of the date of this letter. After that date it will not be possible to buy goods at this special price.

The machinery that you hire under this contract will be available to you for not longer than an … of 12 weeks. If you wish to continue to hire the machinery after that you must sign a new agreement with us.

The seller must …  to insure the goods during transportation before we agree to buy them

Julia Davies signed the … contract, as she was responsible for obtaining office supplies for the government department.

In writing this letter I formally … that I will end my employment with this company on 2 May.

The … of this agreement is six months from the date of the parties signing it.

She will probably … a fine because she left her car in a no-parking zone.

Language specialists describe these words as … meaning that they are no longer in common use.

These are not technical, … words, but words from general English.

Very often you can … them without it having any effect on the meaning of the document at all.

These are words starting with 'here' or 'there', followed by a …

The 'here' words usually mean 'in this document' or, in a contract, it could mean 'in this …’

The 'there' words refer to something that the writer … before now.

'The persons hereinafter named'.

'The sum of money borrowed and the interest thereon shall be repaid in full on 5 June".

 'I … accept your offer.'

'The price named … is final and non-negotiable.'

'ATL Electrics plc, … known as "the Company".'

The property … known as Downing House is renamed Appleby House.'

'The terms and conditions are listed ...'

Royal Airlines Limited, … referred to as 'RAL'.

The Author guarantees to the Publisher that the Work is …. unpublished by any other company or individual.

In consideration of the sum of £10,000, receipt of which the Seller … acknowledges.

Any products referred to … remain the property of the Supplier until the Customer pays for them in full.

In case of dispute between the parties, any arbitration conducted … will be conducted by Arbitrators Direct of London.

Something that people use often.

To remove something from a piece of writing.

A group of things that are of the same kind.

One of the most important law firms.

Can't be changed, fixed.

If something falls out of use it means that people don't use it any more.

To confirm that you have received something.

Completely.

The process of a third party settling an argument or a legal problem without the matter going to court.

Done, carried out.

"Your client signed the contract and … entered into a binding agreement.'

'The rented property and the furniture contained ...'

'The amount borrowed and the interest due … must be repaid by 10 March 2010."

'We were defined in that contract as the Company and we were known as the Company ...'

'At the meeting we will discuss Mrs Jones' will and all matters related ....'

He sold the company and … became a millionaire.

I enclose a copy of the contract. Please return it to me together with any amendments …

The owner of the land and any person who wishes to claim an interest … should contact this firm of solicitors as soon as possible.

The defamatory story in the newspaper refers to my client in the first paragraph and refers to her … another four times in total.

The Buyer agrees to insure the painting and to pay any import tax due … upon delivery to the UK.

Payment must be made upon delivery of the goods. The exception is where payment by invoice has been agreed. In the event of payment by invoice payment must be made within 30 days of receipt of the same

Where a specific delivery date has been agreed and aforesaid cannot be met the Buyer will have the option to receive a full refund.

The goods shall be inspected by the Buyer upon delivery. All goods come with a delivery note. In the event that goods cannot be examined by the Buyer the aforementioned document shall be marked 'not examined'.

Any defective goods must be returned to the Supplier. Said goods must be correctly packaged.

Things that are written or said about someone or something.

Something that is not included in a general rule.

Put into the correct box, bag or container for transporting or selling.

To fulfil an obligation. To do what you promised to do.

The money that you get back from a shop or a supplier when you return goods.

A choice

The buildings that a business uses.

The legal right for someone such as a writer or a singer to publish his or her own work and to be sure that no one can copy or exploit it without permission.

A type of tax that you have to pay when you bring certain goods into a country.

Moving goods from one place to another.

All of the people who work for a particular business or organisation.

A symbol such as a word or a picture that a company puts onto its products to distinguish it from the products of its competitors.

An official document. The document protects a new invention, such as a new medicine or a new machine from being copied or exploited.

In the process of being transported from one place to another.

A person or organisation that pays money to someone to use something for a  certain period of time.

Something new that someone has made or designed for the first time.

Placed on a plane, ship, lorry or a train.

A person or organisation that has the legal right to possess something. It belongs to them.

A contract for the hire of a hotel for a company's conference

A contract for the transport of goods by ship

A contract concerning a company's intellectual property rights

The … of the hotel bought it last year from a large hotel chain.

The … of the hotel conference room wants to book the room for three days in June.

The hotel … are very big. In fact, it is probably the biggest hotel in the city.

 There are over 200 … working in the hotel.

The goods were put … the ship in Liverpool and the buyer will unload them in Sydney.

The cost of … is £600.

The buyer agrees to pay any …  that the customs authorities demand when the goods arrive in Australia.

The goods are in … They are on a ship somewhere between England and Australia.

The computer was a new … in the twentieth century.

The publishing company and not the author has … in the book.

If you invent something new it is important to register a … You will get a document that protects your right to produce and sell your invention.

The … of the Victoria Bennett Jeans Company is the letters VB with a gold circle around them.

A large meeting where people discuss important matters, especially business matters.

A group of hotels that all have the same owner.

To say that you want to reserve something to use in the future such as a car or a hotel room.

A government department that collects tax on goods that people bring into the country.

A person who writes books.

A person's rights in something that they have invented or created. No one else has the right to make, sell, copy or exploit the invention or creation without permission.

The people or companies who are entering into the contract

The background to the contract and the reason(s) why the parties are entering into the contract

How certain words must be interpreted when they are used in the contract

The most important things that each party agrees to do

The time when the key obligations will be carried out and where they will be carried out.

An important obligation.

Existing now.

Done, performed.

A ist to help you make sure that everything necessary is done.

A page with no writing on it.

They are the people or companies who are entering into the agreement.

It is a model contract that already exists. A lawyer can use it when he or she has to draft a similar contract.

Because it specifies the exact meanings of words. Both parties (and maybe a court) must be sure how particular words are interpreted in the contract.

It is another word meaning 'to write'.

It means to write a contract from the very beginning without the help of a precedent.

The decision of a judge that forms part of the common law.

This part of the contract contains background information and explains why the parties are entering into the contract.

'Goods' means any goods or services that are ordered from ABC Printing Ltd and includes any materials incorporated in them.

This Agreement is made on this fifth day of March 20XX

• between ALT ELECTRICS Ltd

• and PARSONS MANUFACTURING Ltd

The Work will be carried out on 5 May 20XX at the Buyer's address.

• The Buyer owns a shop.

• The Supplier is an experienced electrician.

• The Buyer's shop is in need of electrical modernisation and repair.

• The Supplier will carry out the electrical modernisation and repair to the shop upon the conditions set out in this agreement

In consideration of the sum of £5000 the Supplier agrees to carry out the Work listed in Schedule A of this Agreement according to current UK standards as specified by the relevant legislation.

Included in.

To do something.

Written or stated.

The part of the general law of a country that the parties to a contract must obey in a particular situation.

The people or companies who are entering into an agreement are called the … to the agreement.

Lawyers rarely have to draft a contract from … as they usually have a precedent that they can use as a template.

The section of a contract that gives the background to the contract and the reasons why the parties are entering into the agreement is called the …

Most law firms have a collection of precedents that they refer to as a precedent … or a precedent library.

The section of the contract that deals with … of goods or services usually states exactly when the key obligations will be carried out.

A person or company that supplies goods in a particular geographical area is often referred to in a contract as a …

 A … is an existing contract that a lawyer can use as a model when drawing up a new contract.

Many written contracts refer to a … for a breach. This is a solution that the party in breach can offer to the injured party to compensate him or her for the effect of the breach.

An … is an itemised bill. Many contracts state what the penalty will be if it is not paid on time

The … section of a contract provides the background to the contract. It states why the parties are entering into the agreement.

A contract will often use the formal word … to describe commercial land and buildings.

Contracts that deal with the export or import of goods usually have a clause that states which party will be liable for any import … when the goods arrive in a foreign country

In contracts where creative work such as artwork or writing is sold, it is important to state which of the parties owns … in the work.

A place that sells goods to the public is often referred to in a contract as a retail …

The … of a period of time is a very formal way of saying the end of that period of time.

The duration of a contract is usually referred to as the … of the contract.

What the parties exchange under the contract; in exchange for something

Contract

Amount of money

Receiving

Written, specified

The currency of the United Kingdom; pounds

Agreed date when something must be done

Grow, accumulate

Provided

Late

If