The base of the basiliar membrane near the stapes is tuned to ---- bitte auswählen ---- ( high ; low ) frequencies whereas the apex is tuned to ---- bitte auswählen ---- (high ; low ) frequencies.
The base of the basiliar membrane near the stapes is tuned to high frequencies whereas the apex is tuned to low frequencies.
Sound localization is an essentially ---- bitte auswählen ---- ( binaural ; monaural ) ability. For sound localization in the horizontal plane, technically named ____, there are two main cues: ITD, standing for ____ and ILD, standing for ______. ITDs are the result of the finite and comparatively low speed of sound, approximately __ m/s, and the fact that the path from a sound source not exactly in front or behind a listener to the two ears is slightly different. However, once the wavelength of the sound is ---- bitte auswählen ---- ( shorter ; longer ) than the path difference, ITDs cannot be uniquely determined. Thus ITDs help with sound localization best at ---- bitte auswählen ---- ( low ; high ) frequencies. The accepted model for ITD analysis is the _ model, thought to be implemented in the MSO, standing for __ . ILDs are produced by the cast by the head of the listener, and they are therefore most pronounced for wavelength ---- bitte auswählen ---- ( shorter ; longer ) than the size of the head, i.e. for frequencies ---- bitte auswählen ---- higher lower than approximately 2.000 Hz. Sound localization in the vertical plane, technically named ___, is greatly helped by the complex and asymmetric shape of the , introducing different _ on the spectrum of the incoming sound depending on its elevation.
Sound localization is an essentially binaural ability. For sound localization in the horizontal plane, technically named azimuth , there are two main cues: ITD, standing for interaural time-difference and ILD, standing for interaural level-differences . ITDs are the result of the finite and comparatively low speed of sound, approximately 340 m/s, and the fact that the path from a sound source not exactly in front or behind a listener to the two ears is slightly different. However, once the wavelength of the sound is shorter than the path difference, ITDs cannot be uniquely determined. Thus ITDs help with sound localization best at low frequencies. The accepted model for ITD analysis is the Jeffres model, thought to be implemented in the MSO, standing for medial superior olive . ILDs are produced by the acoustic shadow cast by the head of the listener, and they are therefore most pronounced for wavelength shorter than the size of the head, i.e. for frequencies higher than approximately 2.000 Hz. Sound localization in the vertical plane, technically named elevation , is greatly helped by the complex and asymmetric shape of the pinna , introducing different spectral signatures on the spectrum of the incoming sound depending on its elevation.
Phased locked nerve fibres action potentials can be measured in the human auditory system for ---- bitte auswählen ----( low frequency (< 2-4 kHz) ; high frequency (> 4 kHz) ) sounds.
Phased locked nerve fibres action potentials can be measured in the human auditory system for low frequency (< 2-4 kHz) sounds.
(1) outer
(2) middle
(3) inner
(4) auditory nerve
(5) cochlea
(6) round window
(7) oval window
(8) stapes
(9) incus
(10) malleus
(11) eardrum oder tympanic membrane
(12) ear canal oder auditory canal
(13) pinna
The ---- bitte auswählen ---- ( inner; outer ) hair cells carry the auditory information to the brain, whereas the ---- bitte auswählen ---- (outer inner ; hair ) cells act as mechanical tuning or pre-amplifier. There are at least three times ---- bitte auswählen ---- ( more ; fewer ) outer than inner hair cells in the human cochlea. Of the approximately 30.000 auditory nerve fibers the ---- bitte auswählen ---- ( vast majority (90%) ; vast minority (10%) ; minority (30%) ; majority [70%] ) carry signals from (and to) the inner hair cells.
The inner hair cells carry the auditory information to the brain, whereas the outerhair cells act as mechanical tuning or pre-amplifier. There are at least three times more outer than inner hair cells in the human cochlea. Of the approximately 30.000 auditory nerve fibers the vast majority (90%) carry signals from (and to) the inner hair cells.
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