Textbook Topic 2

sets requirements for ships with a keel laying date on or after 1st January 2000 and prior to 1st January 2011

In general the operation of marine diesel engines of these ships is prohibited unless they meet the following nitrogen oxides NOx emission limits. The variable „n“ is the number of revolutions per minute. • 17,0 • 45 • n(-0.2) • 9,80 (g/kWh) (g/kWh) (g/kWh) when n < 130 rpm when 130 < n < 2000 rpm when n > 2000 rpm

applies globally and consists of requirements for the operation of a marine diesel engine over 130 kW installed on ships built on or after 1st January 2011. The limits for nitrogen oxides NOx emission are as follows: • 14,40 • 44 • n(-0.23) • 7,70 (g/kWh) (g/kWh) (g/kWh) when n < 130 rpm when 130 < n < 2000 rpm when n > 2000 rpm

The requirements apply to each marine diesel engine installed on ships with a keel laying date on or after 1st January 2016 when the ship is operating inside designated NOx Emission Control Areas (NECAs). • 3,40 • 9 • n(-0.2) • 2,0 (g/kWh) (g/kWh) (g/kWh) when n < 130 rpm when 130 < n < 2000 rpm when n > 2000 rpm

Emission Control Areas

currently 2 NECA and 4 SECA

around North America and Canada

US Carribean Sea Areas

Baltic Sea

North Sea

40% reduction in carbon intensity of all ships by 2030, 70% by 2040 compared to 2008 baseline and Net-zero (total decarbonization) by 2050!

Energy Efficiency Existing Ship Index

Carbon Intensity Indicator

all ships abouve 400GT

first calculate, the value is compared with requied EEXI. An EEXI technical file is generated and sent for approval

EEXI is calcuated ONCE in a shios life time

Suggest to limit the fuel flow with fuel index limiter or change of vref from 18 to 14 kn

slow steaming strategy

mandatory from 01.2023 for all vessels of 5000GT and above

Every year

every ship receives a rating from A to E, where C is minimum!

If annual CII is E or three times D, the SEEMP mus show an approved corrective actions plan

using technical (EEXI) and operational (CII) measured, effective since January 2023

by reducing v ref

reducing the main engine output power

limitng the shaft power

however, attention should be paid to power reserve, requested in emergencies of for safety reasons

A ship can improve her CII label by meanss of a wide range of measures

-operational energy efficiency

-technical energy efficiency measures

-by using renewable energies, including renewable fuels

during the combustion process in the diesel engine

the higher the combustion temperature and longer the residence time of the combustion gases at these high temperatures, the more NOx will be created.

MARPOL ANNEX VI, Regulation 13

1. by lowering the combustion temperatures

2. by cleaning the exhaust gases

3. EGR and ACR are the most common Tier II and Tier III technologies

Combustion modification

Combustion air treatment

EGR

flue gas downstream treatment

SCR, dry steam

Exhaust Gas Recirculation

Selective Catalytic Reduction

the trend is to install SCR on Gensets and the EGR on main engine

The SCR system converts NOx into nitrogen and water, by means of a reducing agent-UREA-injected into the engine exhaust stream before a reactor catalyst

slow speed: 280-400°C

medium speed: 350-520°C

slow-speed: before/upstream turbocharger

HP-SCR

medium speed: after/downstream turbocharger

LP-SCR

MARPOL convention annex VI-Regulation 13

inside engine, by lowering the combustion temperature peaks, EGR and wet technologies

Depending on generation, typical EGR cannoc comply with Tier III

A combination of EGR and wIF oder SAM complies with Tier III

Latest ecoEGR complies with Tier III

outside engine, treating flue gas

SCR alone complies woth Tier III

MARPOL convention Annex VI Regulation 14

1. burn HSFO and use a EGCS/Scrubber

2. 2. switch to LSFO,VLSFO or ULSFO

3. Convert the diesel engine to alternative fuels, such as LNG, Methanol, hydrogen etc.

prefer to burn cheap HSFO and install scrubbers. When approach ECAs, change-over the compliant fuel such ULSFO. note that new VLSFO are temperature sensible

is the most cost-effectice solution to achieve eompliance with the 2020 sulphur sap. ROI in 2 to 5 years

ULSFO=marine gas oil=kleiner 0.1%

VLSFO=marine diesel oil=kleiner 0.5%

LSFO=residual marine diesel oil=kleiner 1%