AK 25 retake

BLAST can be used to perform a:

A) Homology search

B) Structure prediction

C) Phylogenetic analysis

D) Multiple sequence alignment

E) McDonald-Kreitman test

Non-orthologous gene displacement (NOD) occurs when there are:

A) One-to-one orthologs

B) One-to-many paralogs

C) Synthetic lethals

D) Pseudogenes

E) Functional analogs

Which of the following is a common feature of obligate pathogen bacterial genomes:

A) Large genome size

B) High %AT

C) High %GC

D) High TE content

E) Expansion of microsatellite repeats

Which protein is unique to hyperthermophiles?

A) Hsp83

B) Hsp90

C) Reverse Gyrase

D) SOD-1

E) SPINK-1

Mycoplasma genitalium, which has the smallest genome of a free-living organism, has ___ protein-coding genes:

A) 271

B) 359

C) 398

D) 425

E) 480

In individual knock-out experiments, what percentage of Bacillus subtilis genes were found to be non-essential for growth in the lab?

A) 26%

B) 45%

C) 58%

D) 72%

E) 94%

Which model species has the most multigene families?

A) Saccharomyces cerevisiae

B) Caenorhabditis elegans

C) Escherichia Coli

D) Drosophila melanogaster

E) Arabidopsis thaliana

A diploid chimpanzee cell has ___ chromosomes.

A) 44

B) 46

C) 48

D) 50

E) 52

Which chromosome shows the least divergence between human and chimpanzee?

A) 2

B) 21

C) 22

D) X

E) Y

When short indels (1-15 bp) are considered, the sequence divergence between human and chimp is:

A) 2%

B) 5%

C) 10%

D) 15%

E) 20%

If a gene is under puryfing selection to maintain its protein coding sequence, we expect

A) dN/dS < 0

D) dN/dS > 1

B) 0 < dN/dS < 1

C) dN/dS = 1

E) dN/dS cannot be calculated

The occurrence of a cluster of genes is the same order in two species is known as:

A) Pleiotropy

B) Synteny

C) Polyploidy

D) Epistasis

E) Parallelism

Which organism does not have heavy isochores in its genome?

A) Carp (fish)

B) Chicken (bird)

C) Human (mammal)

D) Mouse (mammal)

E) All of the organisms have heavy isochors

Which of the following is a gene ontology?

A) Cellular Component

B) Genomic Location

C) Functional Group

D) Molecular Property

E) Protein Domain

The ancestral species range of Drosophila melanogaster is in:

A) Africa

B) Asia

C) Europe

D) North America

E) South America

In Drosophila melanogaster, DDT resistance is associated with a ____ at the Cyp6g1 locus:

A) Deletion polymorphism

B) Nonsynonymous SNP

C) Synonymous SNP

D) Transposable element insertion

E) Microsatellite expansion

In D. melanogaster, expression variation of the CG9509 (fezzik) gene is associated with:

A) A non-coding SNP

B) A Nonsynonymous SNP

C) 3’ UTR length

D) An intronic deletion

E) Copy number variation

On average, human and chimpanzee proteins differ by ___ amino acids.

A) 2

B) 4

C) 6

D) 8

E) 10

The human and chimpanzee FOXP2 proteins differ by ___ amino acids.

A) 2

B) 5

C) 8

D) 10

E) 16

What percentage of human olfactory receptor (OR) genes are pseudogenes?

A) 10%

B) 20%

C) 30%

D) 40%

E) 60%

List the species in order from highest to lowest spontaneous deletion rate:

A) Podisma > Laupala > Drosophila

B) Laupala > Podisma > Drosophila

C) Podisma > Drosophila > Laupala

D) Drosophila > Laupala > Podisma

E) Laupala > Podisma > Drosophila

The alpha value of a protein describe the _____ between species:

A) proportion of synonymous divergence

B) proportion of nonsynonymous divergence

C) ratio of synonymous-to-nonsynonymous divergence

D) ratio of nonsynonymous -to-synonymous divergence

E) proportion of adaptive amino acid replacements

A cis-regulatory variant is always:

A) under balancing selection

B) upstream of the gene it affects

C) inherited epigenetically

D) genetically linked to the gene it affects

E) within the coding sequence of a transcription factor

According to the “large X effect” , the X chromosome …

A) is larger than the average autosome

B) contains more genes than the average autosome

C) has a higher rate of adaptive evolution than the average autosome

D) has a higher density of loci causing hybrid male sterility than the average autosome

E) has a higher mutation rate than the average autosome

If males have a higher germline mutation rate females, we would expect:

A) The X chromosome to show greater interspecific divergence than the autosomes

B) The X chromosome to show greater interspecific divergence than the Y chromosome

C) The Y chromosome to show greater interspecific divergence than the autosomes

D) The autosomes to show greater interspecific divergence than both the X and Y

E) The autosomes to show less interspecific divergence than both the X and Y