What is the difference between ethics and morality? Give examples
Ethics: principle of conduct (external)
= Example: Oath of Doctors
Morality: rules of humans if something is right or wrong (internal)
= Example: Rape is bad
What are characteristics that distinguish moral standards? Why is each necessary?
Harm - if not harmed no issue?
Authority - justifications are reasonable
Priority - it should stand on its own
Impartiality - all should be equal in morality
Emotions - indication of wrongness
Universality - everyone gets same treatment
Three basic types of ethical issues and examples
Systemic - environmental legislation
Corporate - how can company x include gender equality
Individual - who should be fired if one person needs to let go?
How would you respond to someone that says a business should always act according to economic interest?
It should also evaluate the ethical and moral consequences of their actions as they do not act separately and by ignoring it they ignore moral responsibility of their actions
What would you say to a person who says that acting according to the law is enough in order to be ethical?
Legal standards are created by a system and do not have to mean that actions are ethical. The legal system can be an obstacle in ethical action as well. For example, legally women were and in some places are still not allowed to vote, this does not mean that it is morally speaking correct to give unequal rights based on gender.
Definition/Criteria of a moral standard
Harm (injury/benefit)
Authority (justification reasonable)
Priority (preference over other values like self interest)
Impartiality (benefit of one side is irrelevant)
Emotions (triggers guilt, shame, )
Universality (rule applies to everyone)
Moral reasoning
Moral standard established
Facts stated
Moral judgement based on standards and facts
Moral development kohlberg
punishment &obedienec
Instrumental and relative
Interpersonal concordance
Law and order
Social contract
Universal principles
Ethical reasoning
Situation is ethical
Judge ethical courcse of action
Decide on action
Carry out decision
Obstacles to ethical action
Euphemistic labeling
Rationalizing
Advantageous comparison
Distorting harm
Dehumanizations
Attribution of blame
Moral responsibility
Causality
Knowledge
Free will
Mitigation:
Minimal contribution
Uncertainty
Difficulty
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